A Co-authorship Study of Chinese University-Owned Patents

• Main Authors: Dan-qi Shen, 沈丹琪
• Other Authors: Mu-Hsuan Huang
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2015
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05428492273357954700

碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 圖書資訊學研究所 === 103 === The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the innovation collaboration of Chinese universities by patent co-authorship analysis. Chinese university-owned patents issued between 1987 and 2014 in USPTO were retrieved as studying subjects. The assignee and inventor fields of patent were used for co-authorship analysis, with the former one reflect technological commercial collaboration and the later one reflect technological inventive collaboration. The study conducted co-assigneement and co-inventorship analysis from broad level, the geographic level and the institution level. In addition, it made a comparative analysis of university co-assigned patent and co-invented patent, and proposed a model of technical cooperation to discuss the cooperate patterns of Chinese universities. The major findings of the study are summarized as follows. The period of 1987 to 2014 has seen a surge in the number of university co-assigneed patents and co-invented patents, as well as the number of universities which took part in co-patenting. There were 1134 university co-assigneed patents and 1715 university co-invented patents in total, accounting for 63% and 95.28% of Chinese university-owned patents respectively. The average number of assignees of university co-assignee patents was 2.049 while the average number of inventors of university co-invented patents was 4.477. It showed that the collaboration intensity and size of co-inventorship were larger than those of co-assigneement. The cited times of Chinese university-owned patents was significantly higher than that of non-university-owned patents, however the cited times of co-assigneed patents and co-invented patents were lower than that of non-co-assigneed patents and non-co-invented patents. More than 70% of university co-assigneed patents were international collaborative patents, about 20% were intra-regional collaborative patents and less than 10% were inter-regional collaborative patents. The results showed that most co-assigneed patents of Tsinghua University were international co-assigneed patents, while most co-assigneed patents of other universities were intra-regional or inter-regional co-assigneed patents. More than 90% of university co-invented patents were intra-regional collaborative patent, and both of Tsinghua University and other university had considerable propensity of intra-regional co-invention. It means that technical inventive collaboration of universities was more likely to be restricted by distance than technical commercial collaboration. Beijing was the center of university co-patenting network; Jiangsu and Shanghai were active provinces in the network. More than 98% of university co-assigneed patents were cross-institutional collaborative patents, nearly all of which were university-industry co-assigneed patents. Patents co-assigneed by university and foreign company made up the highest percentage of university-industry co-assigneed patents (73.73%). Further analysis indicated that different universities have diverse industry collaborators: Tsinghua University had a close co-assignee relationship with foreign companies, Peking University with university spin-offs, and most other universities with personal companies. More than 80% of university co-invented patents were within-institutional collaborative patents, and both of Tsinghua University and the other universities had considerable propensity of within-institutional co-invention. Academic inventors played a significant role in university innovative team since more than 90% of inventors of university co-invented patents were academic inventors, and more than 95% of university co-invented patents list academic inventor as the first inventor. Combing co-assignment analysis and co-inventship analysis, the study proposed a technical collaboration model and classify university patents into four groups: deep collaborative patent, commercial collaborative patent, inventive collaborative patent and pure university patent. Statistics illustrated that more than 40% of university-owned patents were commercial collaborative patents, more than 35% were pure university patents, and nearly 20% were deep collaborative patents. More than 70% of patents owned by Tsinghua University were commercial collaborative patent, most of which were collaborated with Hon Hai Technology Group. On the other hand, more than 70% of patents owned by the other universities were pure university patents, indicating that they tended to invent and utilize patent by themselves.