| Summary: | 博士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 昆蟲學研究所 === 103 === The subfamily Oxynopterinae contains more than 200 species which are mostly from the Oriental regions. All Oxynopterinae are larger sized than other subfamilies. In Oxynopterinae, two genera, Oyxnopterus and Campsosternus are more common than remaining others. Oyxnopterus contains the largest click beetle in the world while the Campsosternus has metallically color with highly diversified pattern beetles. Literarily, more than ten genera of Oxynopterinae have been recorded. Its complex and numerous species composition along with different sampling and characters used by researchers are making the high level classification system unclear. In this study, a total of 15 species (in 5 genera) of Oxynopterinae from Japan, Taiwan, China, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia were analyzed. The phylogenetic relations between genera (including Oxynoterus, Pectocera, Sinuaria, Campsosternus) under Oxynopterinae were inferred and confirmed by using mitochondrial DNA COI, 16S rDNA, nuclear 28SrDNA and intron ITS2 sequence fragment. Adzusa, Melanactes, Oistus, Semiotus and Semiotinus were excluded from Oxynopterinae based on tree topology and species distributions. Further investigations required to be accomplished to confirm the subfamily those excluded genera. According to the results, we proposed a systematic classification of Oxynopterinae with 6 genera in 2 tribes in which Oxynopterini includes Sinuaria, Pectocera, and Oxynopterus, and Campsosterini includes Campsosternus, Sternocampsus, and Rostricephalus. Our study from S-DIVA (Statistical-Dispersal Vicariance Analysis) also revealed that Oxynopterinae might be originated from Indo-China + Sunda Islands area. The evolutionary trend from Sunda to Indo-China may be confirmed if additional specimens from China and India could be included. The result of PD (Phylogenetic Diversity) estimation indicated that Indo-China and the Southeast China are the highly protected priority area of Oxynopterinae. For single species protection, the definition of species most be confirmed (whether the protected species is equal to conservation unit). This will have significant impact on the accuracy of future population distributions, population estimate and assessment on protected level. Through our studies, it was found that the current PD application is limited due to the sampling of tree topology. I suggest the monitoring and sampling group should focus on biodiversity indicator which make the result of PD estimate meaningful in selecting biodiversity hotspot area. This method not only matches the policy of habitat conservation in Taiwan but also breaks the plight of efforts too much on single species and cannot give a general direction of conservation policy.
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