| Summary: | 博士 === 國立臺灣海洋大學 === 食品科學系 === 103 === Sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla is a high-economical fishery product. Due to its special flavor, it has been favored worldwide. The edible part of sea urchin is gonad, which consists proximately 7-12% in total weight. The rest parts are mainly composed by body wall and regarded as wastes, which consist 88-93% and are dumped after processing or comsuming without efficient utilizing. The total utilization of marine organisms is one of main issues in recent decades. By increasing the total utilizing rate, the economic value of marine organisms will also be promoted. There are many researches indicating that extracts from marine organisms showed a lot of bioactivities, and these components have been applied in many ways such as clinical, antitumor and functional food uses. In this research, we are attempting to focus on Taiwan’s sea urchin to evaluate the possible utilizing potential. In first part, the gonad (edible part) and body wall (waste part) will be used here to extract bioactive components by using different percentage of ethanol solution and evaluating their potential bioactivity by different screening methods. In antioxidant activity screening, three extracts showed various antioxidant activity from both gonad and body wall in different tests. On the human skin fibroblast viability and collagen screening, only water-soluble and polar extracts from gonad and body wall showed promoting activity in cell viability, and gonad water soluble extract could promote CCD966SK collagen generating activity. Among different type of cells, the water-soluble and polar extracts from gonad and body wall showed proliferative activity. On the contrast, the non-polar extract of gonad and body wall showed anti-proliferative effect on most tumor cells.
Second, it is used high temperature to calcinate sea urchin body wall, oyster and hard clam shells to transfer the conformation. After calcination, the structures of oyster, hard clam, and sea urchin shell powders were mainly transformed into calcium oxide. The metal contents were tested and shown to have no harmful heavy metals, and the contents of trace elements, including Ba, Sr, Mg and Mn were rich. To test their anti-bacterial activity, five kinds of foodborne microorganisms were used and evaluated by the disc diffusion method which indicated that these products showed anti-bacterial activity in the concentration of 1%. These results indicate that oyster, hard clam, and sea urchin shell powders, having been subjected to heat calcinations, show anti-bacterial potential.
Moreover, sea urchin, oyster and hard clam shells were used to synthesize biomedical material. After hydrothermal reaction, sea urchin shells were mainly transferred into magnesium substituted beta-tricalcium phosphate (#westeur032#-TCMP), oyster and hard clam shells were transferred into hydroxyapatite within 24 hr. In element dissolved experiment, the dissolved contents of Zn, P, Ba, Mg, Ca, Si and Sr ions were varied with increase of experiment times. The effect of oyster, hard clam and sea urchin shells products after hydrothermal reaction on human osteogenic sarcoma cell viability was also evaluated, the material showed non-toxicity toward this cell and it wasn’t effect on cell morphology. In ALP releasing test, all samples could enhance alkaline phosphatase released from human osteosarcoma cell, indicating the potential of being processing as biomedical use.
In summary, the sea urchin extracts showed different antioxidant and anti-proliferation activity depending on the extraction methods. It’s suggested that these extracts had potential to process into whitening product, health food and anti-tumor drug. The calcinated marine shell powders exhibited anti-bacterial activity, and suite to process into antibacterial product. On the other hand, marine shell powders after hydrothermal reaction had been transformed into magnesium substituted beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite which showed non-toxic effect to human osteogenic sarcoma cell, enhanced alkaline phosphatase production, gradually released beneficial metal ion and exhibited the potential for applying as the bone graft material.
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