The Course of the Athlete Career Transitions：A Perspective of the Ecological of Human Development

• Main Authors: Chen, Yi-Fan, 陳怡帆
• Other Authors: Chen, Jui-Fu
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77795949606689019775

博士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 體育學系 === 103 === The purpose of this research was to study the athletes’ development in Taiwan and to analyze the challenges the athletes may encounter during their career transitions based on the ecological system theory. Two retired women's basketball players, who experienced the normative / non-normative transition, are the research subjects in this study. The research material and relevant information are collected by adopting the semi-structured interviews, which were conducted with the athletes, their families, coaches, teammates, and also the sports-related policy implementers in the Taiwan government. Based on the analyzed results, it was concluded that the impacts of Taiwan macroscopic system on the growing environment of athletes include the general sport participation, the social assessment and evaluation toward athletes, the exam-oriented educational system, and genders in sports. For the external systems, the impacts are the sports policy, the education approaches, the sports class settings, and the ability and normality placement. For the intermediate systems, the environment of the basketball teams, the personal developments, sudden changes within the teams, and the directions of significant other are the contributing factors. In addition, the living accommodation, as well as the individual's interaction with their families, coaches, and teammates are the main factors in the microscopic systems. With the above findings, the recommendations to the macroscopic systems in Taiwan are 1) advocating sport additional functions to urge the popularity of general sports, 2) driving enterprises to invest in sports activities and sponsorships, 3) establishing sport routines within the special groups, 4) encouraging the establishment and the sustainable operation of sports venues. Moreover, the media plays a key role to hold the social responsibility to minimize the differences in genders in sports. The expected efforts made by the media should include striving the reports balanced between men and women and also avoiding the usages of discriminate terms. In terms of the external systems, it is recommended strengthening the practice on preventing sport injuries, enhancing sports coaches’ professional training, establishing and increasing effective pipelines of sport counseling services, re-evaluating the choices of academic paths for athletes and setting clear academic requirements, and tracking school sports classes at all levels reliably. Other suggestions are establishing communication bridges between coaches, parents and teachers in order to help the athletes fully develop, and cultivating other personal capabilities other than sports to enhance their competitiveness since their childhood.