| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立清華大學 === 中國文學系 === 103 === This paper attempts to investigate the political concept of Xun Yue （148-209）’s. The focus intends to emphasize on the relation between heaven and humanity, and on the code of conduct for the monarch, special highlighting the connection between the ideology of the era and the political circumstance at that time.
Xun Yue, an intellectual who grew in the Emperor Huan’s and Ling's reign of Eastern Han dynasty (a time when politic ruling was weak and about to crumble), went through the outbreak of The Yellow Turban Rebellion, devoting his career life to the Jian'an era (a time when there was no actual power executing from the reign) and died in the 14th year of the time being. Nowadays, not many Xun Yue’s works have been left, except the chronicle excerpt HanJi 《漢紀》from Hanshu 《漢書》and Shenjian 《申鑒》as one of the Confucian book series. How Xun Yue is valued within these two books can be referred to the comment on Shenjian from Siku TiYao 《四庫提要》, “Since it derives from the Confucianism, what it tries to convey should have its legitimacy”. (其原本儒術，故所言皆不詭於正) Yet this is not to say that Xun Yue’s works might shoot without aiming or merely boast its dogmatic regulations. This paper demonstrates that Xun Yue, as a loyal chancellor in Eastern Han Dynasty, was not only an imperial granted lecturer of Emperor Xian of Han’s but an intellectual, who responded consciously to various political problems through his works.
The problems Xun Yue desperately wanted to solve were mainly about the imperial power. The abuse of imperial power of Emperor Ling and eunuchs in the Eastern Han dynasty resulted in warlords’ rebellions around several districts, which let the emperor lost his power over the country. Despite of the fact that Cao Cao brought Emperor Xian to XuChang and conquered across the country with the name “Han”, the Eastern Han dynasty was just only a figurehead. Facing the problem of warlords around the country, Xun Yue announced his theory of “three situations between heaven and humanity”. (天人三勢說) Through the discussion of the relationship between heaven and humanity, Xun Yue’s theory not only declared the authority of Han dynasty and ensured the maintenance of the imperial power, but also managed the initiative and flexibility of the personnel. One can easily understand Xun Yue’s ideology of “the structure of the government”, and his intention of restoring the order of the dynasty.
However, the reason why the Eastern Han dynasty lost its authority resulted from the consequence of political neglect and its absurd political system. The fundamental problem was the abuse of power by the emperor and eunuchs; emperor Ling even sold official posts to people in order to accumulate wealth.As a result, Xun Yue also has several notions of what behavior and limits an emperor should keep in mind. For example, he thinks an emperor should appoint virtuous people to build virtue
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