| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立屏東科技大學 === 動物科學與畜產系所 === 103 === Regardless of species of deers and region of velvet antler, the crude protein (CP) concentration in the chemical compositions of velvet antler reaches 40%-70%. Previous researches had shown that increasing dietary CP concentration might increase antler production, but also increase feed cost, nitrogen excretion and influence rumen fermentation characteristics. Therefore, the strategy of feeding high dietary CP concentration will have a negative impact on daily escalating feed cost, the concept of environment friendly and rumen health of deers. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different dietary crude protein levels and supplementation of rumen by-pass lysine on in vitro digestibilities and rumen fermentation characteristics (experiment 1) and the velvet antler production traits and in vivo digestibilities of Formosan sambar deer (experiment 2). Sixteen Formosan sambar deers were randomly assigned into 4 treatments by age, last year velvet antlers production and body condition score (BCS). Four treatments were fed with CP11%, CP11%＋0.1% rumen by-pass lysine, CP11%＋0.2% rumen by-pass lysine and CP13% TMR, respectively. The result of experiment 1 showed that inoculum from deers or cows had highly significant (P < 0.01) influences on in vitro 2 stage dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) of diets. Increasing dietary CP concentration or supplementation of rumen by-pass lysine had no significant (P = 0.21; 0.27) influences on in vitro 2 and 3 stage DMD of Formosan sambar deers; CP13% had significant (P < 0.05) highest two stage in vitro OMD and higher in vitro gas production; CP11% had higher total volatile fatty acid (total VFA). The result of experiment 2 showed that CP13% had higher total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). There was no significant difference between in vitro 2 stage, 3 stage and in vivo DMD of Formosan sambar deers. CP13% had significant (P < 0.05) or higher digested N / N intake than other groups. CP13% had significant (P < 0.05) or lower Fecal N / N intake than other groups. CP11%＋0.1% rumen by-pass lysine and CP11%＋0.2% rumen by-pass lysine had significant (P < 0.05) higher length of velvet antler than CP11%. Chemical compositions and weight of velvet antler were no significant (P > 0.05) difference among groups. CP11% had significant (P < 0.05) higher concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in blood.
In summary of the result of experiment 1 and 2, using rumen fluid from Formosan sambar deers as inoculum to estimate it’s own in vitro 2 stage digestibility was more appropriate. Also, 2 stage in vitro DMD had no significant difference with in vivo DMD and had the advantages of time-saving, labor-saving and reducing the expense of experimental animals and benefit for the evaluation of ingredients and screening of feed formulation before animal trial. Both of increasing dietary crude protein levels and supplementation of rumen by-pass lysine can increase the length of velvet antler significantly (P < 0.05) but no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the weight of velvet antler.
Key words: crude protein, digestibility, Formosan sambar deer, velvet antler
|
|---|
