| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立宜蘭大學 === 生物資源學院碩士在職專班 === 103 === Feed cost generally accounts over 70% of the total cost in intensive aquaculture being one of the major factors to lead the industrial development. The continuous rising price in fishmeal is mainly due to overfishing, shortage of fishing harvest and the demand from human population growth. There is an intense pressure to find an alternative protein sources to replace fishmeal. The earthworm meal with its high protein level appear to be a potential substitution of fishmeal. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the feasibility of using earthworm meal to substitute fish meal and red seaweed gracilaria respectively on feeding grouper Epinephelus coioides and small abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. Trial 1 were conducted to replace fish meal in different proportions with earthworm meal for feeding grouper fingerlings. Five experimental groups with different proportions of earthworm meal substituting 0% (whole fishmeal), 10%, 20%, 30% fish meal and the control one commercial feed pellets lasted for eight-week feeding trial. The result showed the final weight (FW) in EM10 was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Though EM20 possessed the greatest specific growth rate (SGR) no significant differences were found with that of the control group and treatments. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in commercial feed (CD) was the best, neither significant differences were found in the control nor in the treatments. Survival rate (SR) in CD and EM0 had the best performance, no significant difference were found with that of the control group and treatments. The most optimal substitution rate of earthworm meal is between 10% and 20%. The experimental design of follow-up trial was based on previous phase of Trial 1 with a lower earthworm meal replacement of 10% and 20% and the control group (one commercial feed pellets) which lasted for ten-week feeding trial. The results showed that Epinephelus coioides juveniles more responsive to earthworm substituting meal during the experiment. The results showed the final weight in CD group was significantly higher than that of EM20 (P<0.05). SGR in CD group was significantly higher than that of EM20 (P<0.05). FCR in CD group was significantly higher than that of EM20 (P<0.05). SR in CD group was significantly higher than that of the treatments (P<0.05). Generally EM10 possessed the best performance in all aspects. Trial 2 was conducted to replace fish meal in different proportions with earthworm meal for feeding abalone. Five experimental groups with different proportions of earthworm meal substituting 0% (whole fishmeal), 10%, 20%, 30% fish meal and the control group (Gracilaria sp.) were conducted for a eight-week feeding trial. The results showed the final weight in EM30 was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). SGR in EM30 was significantly higher than that of the treatments (P<0.05). FCR in EM30 was significantly higher than that of the treatments (P<0.05).Though the survival rate in EM20 being the best, no significant differences were found within the control group and treatments. The most optimal substitution rate of earthworm meal appeared to be 30%. The design of follow-up experiments were based on the previous trial feeding with the best substitution 30% earthworm meal and the control group (Gracilaria sp.) for a four-week feeding trial. The results showed FW, SGR, FCR performed better in EM30 than that in the control group Gracilaria sp. and the survival rate are all 100%. The results concluded that Haliotis diversicolor supertexta juvenile more responsive to earthworm meal than red seaweed Gracilaria sp. and EM30 being the best substitution.
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