| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 國際政治研究所 === 103 === The principle of nations to self-determination was confirmed after the First World War, and many nations around the world have achieved the independent status. However, most countries around the world today are composed by different ethnic groups, and conflicts between the latter have become the main cause of international political unrest after the Cold War; even many of them are still unresolved.
Pakistan, a country composed by many ethnic groups, has become the focus of international politics, not only because its internal ethnic conflicts, but also the following factors: First, it has become a frontline of the war on terror after the September 11 attack. Second, it’s bilateral relationship with India and the threat of nuclear weapons between them. Third, it is the second largest Muslim country in the world by population; its political and social situation is a key indicator of the development of Muslim world. Finding out Pakistan’s ethnic problem will further help us on studies of issues mentioned above.
This paper discusses first the notion of “Pakistan” and the construction of Pakistan’s national identity: how the Muslims in South Asia committed to independence at the end of 20th century. Second, the causes of ethnic conflict in Pakistan: why these ethnic groups, which are all Muslims, occurred conflicts after the creation of Pakistan. Finally, case studies of Pakistan’s ethnic groups: the local ethnic groups and sectarian conflict problem and its influence and even challenge to the country.
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