感恩傾向與人際訊息處理:感恩基模之驗證

• Main Author: 林川田
• Other Authors: 孫蒨如
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76382436750264346276

博士 === 國立政治大學 === 心理學研究所 === 103 === The concept of Gratitude Schema is proposed to explain the individual differences of grateful disposition. Individuals who are highly grateful possess gratitude schema and thus are more likely to find things to be grateful in their daily life. We suggest Individuals who possess gratitude schema have the following characteristics: (1) they have better recalls of positive interpersonal events from past experience; (2) they notice and memorize positive interpersonal events more easily; (3) they tend to interpret ambiguous events in a positive way; (4) they value and appreciate the assistance and contribution from others. A series of experiments were conducted to examine our hypotheses. Experiment 1 examined the differences on the numbers of positive and negative interpersonal events recalled. Results showed that compared with those who scored low on the gratitude scale, highly grateful individuals (i.e., those who scored high on the scale) tended to recall more positive interpersonal experiences. Experiment 2 examined the differences on the number of newly learned positive and negative information recalled. Results showed that highly grateful individuals also tended to recall more newly learned positive interpersonal information. Results of experiment 3 indicated that highly grateful individuals tended to interpret ambiguous interpersonal events in a more positive way, which demonstrated that highly grateful individuals tended to evaluate others with good intention. This tendency was even more salient when they were asked to make judgement from the third party point of view. The patterns of attribution of those who possess gratitude schema were examined in experiment 4. Results showed that highly grateful individuals attributed their success to the cooperation with others, whereas low grateful individuals tended to attribute their failures to others and to bad cooperation. Experiment 5 examined how gratitude schema led to different interpersonal interaction. Results showed that highly grateful individuals were more willing to maintain interactions with others, even when the interactive partner gave less positive evaluation to their performance. On the other hand, individuals with no gratitude schema would preferred to exchange the interactive mode with the partner when they received negative feedback. The implications and applications of gratitude schema were also discussed.