| Summary: | 碩士 === 中原大學 === 工業與系統工程研究所 === 103 === In Taiwan society, services become the most prominent area out of all industries, and most of them are related to the catering industry. In these industries, most of the full-time and part-time employees work as waiters. In most of the restaurants, waiters need to stand, walk and lift the trays during their job time to provide services for their customers.
This research reviews the way of how the waiters carrying the tray and discuss how to change it in order to make it more efficient, thus reducing the weight on their arm muscles. This research focuses on using RPE and EMG to find an effective way for the participants to hold the tray. It focuses on holding the tray one-handed in two research stages. The first stage is to let 30 participants do the Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale and analyze the statistics to determine the differences in how they hold the tray. The height of the table and the weight of the tray also affect the participants. In the second stage, we select 20 out of the 30 participants randomly and use Electromyography to validate the data we collect on the first stage. We also collect the electromyographic signal from the muscles of the participants (including deltoid, biceps and extensor digitorum communis) when they are holding the tray.
Based on the results of RPE for both male and female, the differences in the tray weight and holding techniques have big impacts on the muscles. The extensor digitorum communis only reacts to weight, but the average MVC percentage is high. Hence, it reveals that the extensor digitorum communis carries the most weight. We also found that biceps react to different lifting techniques and deltoids react differently when female participants facing different table heights. Combine with the two results, when the tray is heavy, male participants have the lowest RPE and MVC percentage; when holding behind the tray, females have the lowest RPE and MVC percentage; and when holding the body-side of the tray with 120 cm table (holding the tray low), both sexes have the highest RPE and MVC percentage. Therefore, the most suitable way for both sexes might be slightly different. Hence, the results of EMG and RPE are pretty similar to each other.
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