| Summary: | 碩士 === 臺北市立大學 === 音樂學系碩士班 === 102 === This study, based on the theoretical foundations of the laws of organization from Gestalt psychology, aimed to survey elementary school students’ auditory performances. The influences of age stages, gender and after school musical learning experience were also analyzed.
The method of questionnaire survey was adopted with the self-developed research instrument “’Questionnaire of Auditory Performances in Terms of the Laws of Organization.” Questionnaire items consisted of four parts according to Gestalt laws of organization. Part one referred to the law of proximity. Part two dealt with the law of similarity. Part three involved the law of continuation. Part four had to do with the law of closure. Each of the parts consisted in two different question outlooks: the first type took melodic excerpts from the Inventions of J. S. Bach that matched with the related law of organization, while the second type was composed by the researcher based upon the related law of organization. A total of 54 questions were developed. The subjects were middle and upper grades public elementary students of the central part of Taiwan. Two stages of sampling were conducted. The first stage utilized cluster sampling, and the second stage involved convenience sampling. 625 questionnaires were distributed and 614 were valid, reaching a valid questionnaire rate of 98.24%.
Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to match with the research purposes and method. The conclusions were stated as follows:
Firstly, regarding elementary school students’ auditory performances in terms of the laws of organization:
1. Their auditory performances were in accordance with the law of proximity.
2. Their auditory performances were in accordance with the law of similarity.
3. Their auditory performances were in accordance with the law of continuation.
4. Their auditory performances were in accordance with the law of closure.
Secondly, regarding the different background elementary school students’ auditory performances in terms of the laws of organization:
1. Upper-grade students’ auditory performances were more in accordance with the law of organization than those of the middle-grade students.
2. Female students’ auditory performances were more in accordance with the law of organization than those of the male students.
3. The auditory performances of the students with after school musical learning experience were more in accordance with the law of organization than those without after school musical learning experience.
Keywords: Gestalt laws of organization, audition, grade, gender, after school musical learning
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