Removal of Multiple Pharmaceuticals in water by Manganese Dioxide

• Main Authors: Hsiang-ning Teng, 鄧祥寧
• Other Authors: 胡景堯
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2014
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pgtg2p

碩士 === 臺北醫學大學 === 公共衛生學系暨研究所 === 102 === With the development and progress of modern medicine, human pharma- ceuticals has become more diversity. In surface water and wastewater system, many pharmaceuticals have been frequently detected, and their concentrations usually range from ng/L to μg/L. Some studies indicated that human exposure to drugs in long term, it may be hazardous to human or animal or plants. Manganese oxides/hydroxides are among the most important naturally occurring oxidants in facilitating organic pollutant transformation in soils and sediments and deserve particular attention due to their high reduction potentials. It is an effective oxidant for a wide range of pollutants including phenols, chlorophenols, anilines, and phosphates. A lot of researches have been done about the removal characteristics of the single pharmaceutical compound by manganese oxides. The wastewater, however, usually contains various pharmaceuticals. The effects of competitive adsorption and oxidation by manganese oxides need to be systematically investigated in mixed pharmaceuticals system. This study chose three different types of drugs which are frequently used by human and often be detected in surface water and wastewater system ---acetaminophen, diclofenac, and Sulfamethoxazole to investigate their adsorption and oxidation on the manganese oxide surface. The effects of dose of manganese oxides, pH and temperature were investigated. The results indicate that pH significantly influenced the removal of pharmaceuticals. The best removal of the three pharmaceuticals appeared in acidic condition. The removal of acetaminophen in alkali condition was better than in neutral. While the removal of diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole in neutral condition was better than alkali condition. Similar phenomenon has been observed in previous studies. Increasing the dosage of manganese dioxide and raising the temperature increased the removal of drugs. The results of Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) revealed that as pH increasing, the Mn(II) proportion increase in the β-MnO2 particle surface. HPLC-DAD and TOF–MS was used to identify oxidation products. In acidic environment, diclofenac has a byproduct. In basic condition, we find dimer and timer products of acetaminophen. These results are useful in understanding the fate of pharmaceuticals in natural systems.