| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立聯合大學 === 環境與安全衛生工程學系碩士班 === 102 === Palm shell waste, a low energy density material, contains moisture (6.5%) and volatile organic compounds (82%), e.g. hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin. Therefore, torrefaction of palm shell waste can cause dehydration and decarboxylation reactions to promote the energy density. Changes of function groups in palm shell waste with 0.048-0.088 mm are barely observed at heating rate of 5 K/min during torrefying. Therefore, the high heating value of biofuel is 22 MJ/kg by heating from room temperature to 553 K at 5 K/min for 40 min under N2 atmosphere at 100 mL/min. The bands used to identify the cellulose components are 1457 and 1420 cm-1, which correspond to the C-C bond of aromatic ring and O-H bond of amorphous crystallize cellulose, respectively. Moreover, the region between 1000 and 1200 cm-1 is due to C-O, C-O-C stretching, and C-OH linkages in cellulose and lignin. By Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), these bands become broad absorption to cause decreased heating value because of decomposition of cellulose and lignin of palm shell waste with 0.213-0.297 mm during torrefying at 553 K.
In order to diminish emission of NOx, SOx, and CO2 from coal during combustion, the optimal mixing ration of biofuel (torrfied palm shell waste) and discard wood is 7:3 (wt.). The heating value of blending fuel is enhanced to 24.6 MJ/ kg with calorimeter. Biofuel should interact with discard wood at 623-800 K at 10 K/min under air atmosphere at 100 mL/min, because theoretical heating value of blending fuel is only 20.9 MJ/ kg.
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