| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 國家發展研究所 === 102 === By the methodology of historical research and the theory of gradual institutional change raised by Mahoney and Thelen, this paper analyzes the institutional transformation of National Pension Insurance system, disucssing both internal and external revolution. First, it evaluates how the features of political context and the characters of institution impact the way institution transforms; secondly, it explains how different kinds of key actors influence the institutional transformation; finally, it describes how the features of political context and the characters of institution precipitate different types of actors.
This paper research concludes that major institutional transformation not only happens when the whole system is replaced or changes, but also occurs when the internal context of the insitution transforms.
Since the planning of National Pension in 1993 till now, two major stages are identified for the transformation of National Pension insurees. The first stage is at the beginning of institution formation from 1993 to 1999. It’s the evolution from integration to separation, leading the following institution to proceed based on the specific course of saparation model. The insurees of National Pention are, therefore, identified as those who are excluded from all the other related social insurance system. The second stage is during the transition and amendment of institution from 2007 to 2008. At this stage, the policy is decided to amend National Pension Institution, and to exclude farmers from the insurees of National Pension Insurance system.
Through the theory of gradual institutional change, the transforming context of National Pension insurees could be summarized into two models: Conversion and Layering. At the beginning of institution formation, the ambiguous features of the institution leave the actors a lot of room to interpretate. Key actors can explain the rules of implementation in different ways, and a brand new embodiment is interpretated and displayed. It is the so-called “Coversion” type of institutional change. In 2008, the National Pension Institution is amended, and farmers are excluded from National Pension Insurance system. With the new rules introduced alongside of the existing ones, and the original structure changed, it is the so-called “Layering” type of institutional change.
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