| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立清華大學 === 工業工程與工程管理學系 === 102 === In recent years, technology starts to make advance in new electronic products. But, large amounts of electronic waste have an impact on environment gradually which leads to many countries begin to emphasize on reuse of resources. On the other hand, Taiwan government also actively establishes environmental regulations to encourage consumers buying remanufactured goods and promote enterprises to build up the green design, green production and remanufacture.
In the traditional supply chain of renewable resources, it consists of the government, recyclers and manufacturers. In previous research, the government focuses on the payment of subsidies and administrative costs, recyclers are focused on the improvement of recovery rate and maximize the benefits, manufacturers pay an attention to the supply chain’s collaboration and its own profits as a key point. Some studies investigate the relationship between them. However, recycling and purchasing recycled products by consumers are also involved that directly affects manufactures’ will of buying secondary materials products and benefit of recyclers. Consumers receive recycling incentives for recycling, which directly affect the level of consumers’ recycling behavior. The spending of recycling incentives provides the source of waste materials, while causes a higher cost.
In this study, we consider that consumers in the supply chain and the competition of other manufacturers are included to explore the main manufacturers’ will to buy the secondary materials, as well as that the price recyclers are willing to provide to consumers of the recycled waste materials, then recyclers will decide selling the resources to main manufactures or to other manufacturers to reach better benefits. Furthermore, the government plays a role of supporting and coordination the manufacturer and recycler by subsidies.
In order to find the optimal decision, this study constructs a bi-level programming (BLP) model. The hierarchical and interactive nature between the two parties can be formulated by BLP to investigate two different levels of decision-making problems. In this study, we set the manufacturer as the higher-level decision maker and the recyclers as the lower-level decision maker. Higher-level decision maker adjusts the price of secondary material to achieve maximum benefit. On the other hand, lower-level decision maker maximizes profits through changing the secondary materials sold volume and the price of recycling incentives. In addition, this research will use PP and PE plastic containers as numerical examples in the practice to illustrate how recyclers and re-manufacturers to implement of green production and resource recycling effectively.
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