| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立屏東科技大學 === 環境工程與科學系所 === 102 === Due to the rapid increase of international oil price in recent years, the development of alternative energy sources becomes an important issue around the world. Being extensively studied, biodiesel has great potential as an alternative energy source.
This study investigated the particulate matter (PM) emission and particle-bound carbon (EC and OC) size distribution from a diesel engine generator fuelled with different content biodiesels, such as D100 (pure diesel), W5 (5% waste-edible-oil biodiesel + 95% diesel), W5A3 (5% waste-edible-oil biodiesel + 3% pure acetone + 1% isopropyl alcohol + 91% diesel), W5WA3 (5% waste-edible-oil biodiesel + 3% water-containing acetone + 1% isopropyl alcohol + 91% diesel), W20 (20% waste-edible-oil biodiesel + 80% diesel), W20A3 (20% waste-edible-oil biodiesel + 3% pure acetone + 1% isopropyl alcohol + 76% diesel) and W20WA3 (20% waste-edible-oil biodiesel + 3% water-containing acetone + 1% isopropyl alcohol + 76% diesel), at 3 kW loading condition. The emitted PM was sampled by a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposition Impactors (MOUDI) and a Nano-MOUDI, so the analysis of particle size range was from 0.010 µm to 18 µm.
The results showed that size distributions of PM and particle-bound EC/OC of biodieselhols (D100, W5, W5A3, W5WA3, W20, W20A3, and W20WA3) were uni-modal (peaking at the submicron size range 0.010~18 µm). Compared with D100, using W5 and W20 as the fuels could reduce ΣPM, ΣEC [Σ (EC/PM)], and ΣOC [Σ (OC/PM)] emissions. Compared with W5, using W20 resulted in further reduction of PM and particle-bound EC/OC in 10 size ranges of total 13 ones measured. Using acetone or aqueous acetone blending waste-edible-oils-biodiesels (W5A3, W5WA3, W20A3, or W20WA3) as the fuels further reduced the emissions of ΣPM, ΣEC, and ΣOC in 0.010~18 µm compared with using W5 or W20, and the main reduction of species concentration was chiefly on submicron particles (less than 1 µm). Compared with D100, using W5WA3 and W20WA3 as the fuel at 3 kW loading could reduce PM and particle-bound EC/OC in all 13 size ranges and their concentration reduction in submicron size ranges were all higher than 85%. Despite using D100 or biodieselhols at 3 kW generator loading, the total carbon content (EC+OC) in PM0.010-0.10, PM0.10-1.0, and PM1.0-18 ranged 0.74−0.85 (average 0.80±0.03), and the OC/EC ratio was in the range of 0.51−0.86 (average 0.66±0.08). Compared with D100 at 3 kW loading, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of biodieselhols (W5, W5A3, W5WA3, W20, W20A3, and W20WA3) slightly increased. Moreover, at the same output power condition, the BSFC increased gradually as the adding percentage of biodieselhols increased. The energy efficiency (EE) of waste-edible-oil biodiesel (W5WA3 and W20WA3) with water-containing acetone addition was less than that of with pure acetone addition (W5A3 and W20A3). This phenomenon might be related to the difference of density among the tested petro-diesel, biodiesels, and waste organic solvents.
Keywords: waste-edible-oil-biodiesel, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, biodieselhol, size distribution
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