| Summary: | 博士 === 國立新竹教育大學 === 臺灣語言與語文教育研究所 === 102 === Abstract
Hakka dialect study in Taiwan has become an educational trend. The step-by-step studies of different branches of Hakka dialect have grown to set the foundation in this field. The main idea of this thesis is to clarify the phonology of the five main Hakka dialects in Taiwan, from a comparison of the different dialects to the evolvement of the historical phonology, to uncover a new methodology.
The main purposes of the thesis are as follows:
1. The introduction of Hakkanese phonologic system: To compare and contrast the similarities and the differences of the Hakka dialect phonologic systems in different parts of China and Taiwan.
2. The systematic connection of the Hakka dialects to the Middle Chinese phonology: To present the important position of the Hakka dialect at the historic phonology by connecting the five main Hakka dialects with the Middle Chinese phonology.
3. The historic phonology development in Hakka dialects: To explain the common phenomenon and the historic development of Hakka dialect phonology by taking numeral main discussion topics of Hakka dialect phonology connecting western phonetic development theory with Chinese local dialect examples.
4. Language contact discussion: Take the example of the influence of different Hakka dialects interacting with the other dialects in Taiwan to discuss the course of infiltration and competition among different dialects to present the result. Focusing on the Nothern and Southern SiHai dialects as the target dialects to compare the contents and the features.
5. To organize a synopsis of ancient phonology list with contemporary Hakkanese phonetics, and the contemporary five main Hakka dialects’ vocabulary, as the basis of researchers’ analysis and comparison.
6. The conclusion is to summarize the contents and the main discussion topics of the thesis.
The common features of phonology can easily to be found among Hakka dialects in all places. As far as the specific features of phonology, Dapu, Raoping, Zhaoan dialects have kept the geographical features of Zhang-Chao dialects, which are significantly different from Sixian and Hailu dialects.
Zhaoan dialect has the most drastically change among all the Hakka dialects mentioned above. Much of the numerous original vocabulary has disappeared and has been replaced with loanwords from Southern Min dialect. This practice led to part of the initials and finals systematically altering. This is the feature of Zhaoan dialect. When the /-k/ sound in Zhaoan dialect disappears, its evolution goes in a completely opposite direction from other Chinese dialects. Raoping dialect in Taiwan has features of local dominant Hakka dialects. Due to the solid nature of Raoping dialect, it has a more complete form of Hakkanese quality than Zhaoan dialect.
In the interaction of Hakka dialects in Taiwan, a typical example is the formation of the Sihai dialect, which is influenced by Sixian and Hailu dialect. Over all, the mix of different levels in initials, finals, tones, and vocabulary leads to the result of various language interactions: vocabulary has the fastest change; initials and finals mix with each other; finally tones are the final line of defense to distinguish whether our basis language is Sixian or Hailu dialect.
From different parts of China, the five Hakka dialects have shifted to Taiwan. Due to different historical and geographical backgrounds, Hakka dialects have formed with features of specific accents. To study this subject is like focusing on the diachronic and synchronic changes of Hakka dialects at the same time.
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