A Research of Gender Ideology in Vietnamese Textbooks for First and Second Grade of Elementary Schools in Vietnam

• Main Authors: Chih-Fen Hsiao, 蕭智分
• Other Authors: Jhih-Jhong Lin
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2014
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62522076883580941965

碩士 === 國立暨南國際大學 === 國際文教與比較教育學系 === 102 === This study was designed to investigate the gender ideology in Vietnamese textbooks for first and second grade of elementary schools in Vietnam. First, through the review of the literature, the study explored the influence of history and culture on gender ideology and the evolution of gender ideology in Vietnam. Then the study analyzed the gender ideology in Vietnamese textbooks for first and second grade of elementary schools in Vietnam. The study used content analysis method and focused on the contents and graphics in the textbooks which were classified into four categories, including imbalance, stereotyping, invisibility, and linguistic bias. The conclusions of this research were listed below: (1) The issue of imbalance exists mostly in texts, and along with the grade is higher, the proportions of the appearance of women is lower. In these four textbooks, the proportions of the appearance of male are higher than that of female in three textbooks. Those findings are in line with the review of the influence of history and culture on gender ideology and the evolution of gender ideology in Vietnam listed above. (2) In《The Vietnamese 1 volume one》, the proportions of the appearance of women are higher. That’s because the contents of the textbook are all about families. The finding is in agreement with the review of the influence of history and culture on gender ideology and the evolution of gender ideology in Vietnam listed above. (3) In these four textbooks, the issue of imbalance does not occur in pictures. Three reasons cause the result. First, the Vietnam socialism government promotes equal rights for men and women. Then, the trend of reforming the education courses in many countries around the world has an impact on the edition of the textbooks in Vietnam. The final one is the drawer’s intention to balance the proportions of the proportions of the appearance of men and women in the textbooks. (4) There is a cognitive gap between texts and pictures, so in these textbooks the contents is contradictory. (5) The occupations for males are more diversified than those of females. The overlap in occupations between the men and women is rare. The nature of occupations between the men and women is different. The extent of specialty and social status of women are lower than those of men. Those messages convey the stereotypes of gender in work field. (6) “Men are breadwinners and women are homemakers.” "Men are leaders and women are followers." Girls and male adults are more often presented as taking care of others. Though with the government of Vietnam’s effort to improve stereotypes in gender, women's visibility in the public sphere is higher than before, but in the private sphere stereotypes of gender remain exist. (7) The types of activities that women are involved in are less than men, and the nature of activities that men and women are involved in is different. Though the personality traits and character images that men and women present in textbooks are similar to the finding in the review of the literature, there are specific parts- Males are gentle. Females are elegant and have an opinioned personality. (8) In the textbooks, the interpretation of things seldom only in single-gender view, but when the contribution of the human or referring to great persons is discussed, the women are apparently neglected and nearly mentioned. And the result above is not consistent with the finding in the review of the literature on gender ideology of Vietnam -many women have contribution to the society. (9) In these textbooks, linguistic bias exists in texts. Females are presented mostly without names or as subordinate roles in texts. Though the result above conforms to the finding in the review of the literature, its agreement to the modern society of Vietnam is in doubt. Besides animals are presented as male characters in texts, since there are not studies in the literature in the past relevant to that finding, it needs more exploration in the future. According to the research results, this study provided some references for redaction for Vietnam female new immigrant studying materials and some specific suggestions for textbooks redaction for Taiwan and Vietnam, and recommendations of future research.