| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 建築學系 === 102 === SUMMARY
In this research, we investigate the methodology of designing crime prevention security resident. We analysed the cause of offense occurring in the light of criminal psychology and CPTED (crime prevention through environment design) as well as generalized more insight on the main problems of residential burglary in Taiwan via reviewing the domestic laws and regulations and visiting the police officers. As reference, the methodologies of designing security environment adopted in Japan and other regions are also studied. Moreover, fieldwork in Tainan and Kaohsiung is done and the potential problems and recommendations are provided. Finally, we propose a unified planning principle for housing design, collective housing design, and the applying of anti-theft building materials. We believe the proposed planning principle could effectively facilitate the security design and building material selection for planners, designers and consumers.
Key words: crime prevention through environment design、anti-theft、anti-theft building materials、residential burglary
INTRODUCTION
According to the study made by National Police Agency, although the number of burglaries in Taiwan has a yearly decreasing trend, the ratio of in-building is keep increasing. This observation reveals the neglect of crime prevention building design in our country, which leads to a weakness of crime prevention.
In this research, we investigate the cause and improvement recommendation of the high risk space of crime prevention. We propose the following approaches to reduce the probability of crime:
1. Natural surveillance.
2. Territorial Reinforcement.
3. Physical security.
4. Access control.
5. Establishing good community image.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We prevent the crime via the design of environment planning based on the theoretic background of CPTED. We reduce the motivation of offense by increasing the difficulty of invasion and the psychological stress of potential criminals by adopting the following approaches:
1. Natural surveillance.
Natural surveillance limits the opportunity for crime by taking steps to increase the perception that people can be seen.
2. Territorial Reinforcement.
Territorial reinforcement promotes social control through increased definition of space and improved proprietary concern.
3. Physical security.
Maintenance is an expression of ownership of property.
4. Access control.
Access control limits the opportunity for crime by taking steps to clearly differentiate between public space and private space.
5. Establishing good community image.
Having a positive image in the community shows a sense of pride and self-worth that no one can take away from the owner of the property.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
According to the information obtained through interviews of police officers, besides the doors, windows, and balconies, the transoms and preserved holes for air condition are also the high risk area of theft invasion in Taiwan. Additionally, new housings are also a frequent target of theft, due to the facts that there are often high-valued furniture and objects in new housings as well as the lack of natural surveillance since there are relatively few residents in new communities and the strangers are more difficult to be distinguished. Consequently, for the purpose of anti-theft, the building design with advance theft prevention before the migrating of residents is important.
On the other hand, from the related literatures, we also observed that crime-prevention is highly emphasized in Japan. The planning and design for crime-prevention in Japan include utilizing of land, planning of public space, and the related working items of administration. Moreover, they also establish CP (Crime Prevention) mark as the reference of the selection and purchase of the anti-theft building materials.
Based on the information collection and study from interviewing the police officers, surveying related literatures of Japan, and fieldwork in Tainan and Kaohsiung, we propose a unified planning principle for housing design, collective housing design, and the applying of anti-theft building materials.
Based on the proposed planning principle, we also propose the form of security review assessment for evaluating the security level of housing or collective housing. The forms provide evaluation standards focusing on the high risk spaces of theft invasion. The evaluated items include the keeping of visual permeability, the ensuring of illumination, the control of entrance and exit, the adoption of security maintenance devices, and the robustness of lock, door, and windows. More matched evaluated items reflect a better security level. Conversely, the security level can also be further consummated by improving the evaluated items that are failed to be confirmed. Furthermore, to facilitate the effective applying of the anti-theft building materials by users, planners, and designers, we also organized a list for providing clear instructions of the usages of a variety of anti-theft building materials.
CONCLUSION
The complete crime prevention design procedure should include three parts: design and planning, further enhancement based on user use, and facility maintenance. At first, crime prevention should be regarded as a main consideration of space planning. Then, the facilities should be further adjusted or enhanced according to the modification of space and building. Finally, regular check and repairment are required to maintain the security facilities.
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