| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立金門大學 === 土木與工程管理學系碩士班 === 102 === Fires can easily cause irrecoverable losses of cultural assets such as monuments, ruins and historic districts. If we can take the cultural assets' spatial dimensions, patterns, building materials and environmental factors to execute dynamic fire simulation in realistic scenarios, the results may help fire professionals decide the optimal deployment of fire equipment and planning of evacuation paths, and therefore effectively reduce losses and casualties when a fire strikes. With Kinmen's Mofan Street as an example, this research has integrated a 3D laser scan technology, a 3D digital modeling technology, a FDS dynamic fire simulation software, and the local climate data, to simulate 12 fire scenarios possibly striking this street block and then analyze could-be directions the fire and smoke would spread. The purpose is to use the results out of the simulations to build an evaluation model for optimal firefighting resources allocation and evacuation path planning.
The study results have revealed that since the Mofan Street is mainly built with red bricks, even if under the influence of monsoon, the fires won't easily spread to neighboring house; however, the origin of fire can easily decide the direction of smoke spreading: if the origin of fire is at a upwind spot, the smoke can easily spread along the street, while the original of fire at a downwind spot can have the smoke drift out of the street and spread to other streets vertical to the wind direction. All the simulations have shown that when a fire strikes, evacuation can be completed within 150 seconds, and most people would evacuate from the entrances at the south and north ends of the street, while the east and west exits are much less a choice. As a result, firefighting equipment deployed and evacuation paths planned in accordance with the simulation outcomes will effectively reduce the fire damage to cultural assets in historic districts. Also, this evaluation model will provide objective and empirical references in the planning of firefighting resources distribution.
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