| Summary: | 碩士 === 輔仁大學 === 臨床心理學系碩士班 === 102 === Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, depression is one of the three major diseases of the 21st century, along with AIDS and cancer, and the prevalence of depression has increased year by year(Marina et al., 2012). Goodman & Gotlib (1999), who proposed “an integrative model for the transmission of risk to children of depressed mothers,” illustrated how maternal depression affected offspring through different mechanisms. Among these mechanisms, the stressful contexts of the children’s lives and maternal maladaptive affection, behaviors, and cognition, which are related to psychological and social dimensions, affect the development of psychopathology and other disorders of children. Pakenham and Cox (2012), who tested the Family Ecology Framework(Pedersen & Revenson, 2005), indicated that parental illness affected youth adjustment through family and cognitive factors. The above model and framework not only provide critical direction for determining interventions, but also serve as a fundamental hypothesis of this research. The prevalence of adolescents’ depression is many times greater than that of childhood depression, and there is also the risk of depression during adulthood(Aalto-Setälä et al., 2002). In this period,cognition and social development are significant milestones, and the family is the most important environment in which offspring learn and grow. Therefore, for adolescents who live in a chronic and persistent stressful environment with their mothers as the primary caregivers, the family interactions, relationships, and the adolescents’ own cognitive assessments of their mothers’ depression are especially important to consider.
Objective: First, to explore the relation between maternal depressive mood, adolescent emotional adjustment, family functioning and adolescent perception of maternal depressive mood; second, to explore the mediation effect of family functioning between maternal depressive mood and adolescent emotional adjustment; and third, to explore the mediation effect of adolescent perception of maternal depressive mood between maternal depressive mood and adolescent emotional adjustment.
Method: About 430 paired data were collected from junior high school students and their mothers. The mothers completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and their adolescent offspring completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire – positive mood version, the Family Function Scale, and the Childrens’ Perceptions of Other’s Depression Scale – Mother Version.
Result: Significant correlations were found between maternal depressive mood, family functioning, adolescent perception of maternal depressive mood, and adolescent emotional adjustment. Family functioning partially mediates the relationship between maternal depressive mood and adolescent depressive mood, and it fully mediates the relationship between maternal depressive mood and adolescent positive mood. Adolescent perception of maternal depressive mood partially mediates the relationship between maternal depressive mood and adolescent depressive mood.
Conclusion: This study of maternal depression, family functioning and the emotional adjustment of adolescence found that family functioning and adolescent perception ofmaternal depressive mood are the mediators between maternal depressive mood and adolescent emotional adjustment. This suggests that the negative effect of maternal depressive mood on offspring can be decreased by intervention and treatment focused on family functioning and adolescents’ personal cognition to prevent the transmission of depression.
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