| Summary: | 碩士 === 輔仁大學 === 心理學系 === 102 === Previous studies indicated attentional mechanism is influenced by perceptual or emotional saliency, thereby affecting the response. It considered that V-shape is perceived as threatening, which is capturing attention in a short time (Larson, Aronoff, Sarinopoulos, & Zhu, 2008; Larson, Aronoff, & Stearns, 2007). In the study, the effect of attentional capture by V-shape in the background of emotional facial expression was examined. The mouth region of face background is devised of V-shape, the mouth is upright V-shape in happy, and the inverted V-shape mouth is in sad. Target (upright and inverted V-shape) is placed on top of the mouth. In experiment 1 to 3, subjects asked target which is upright V-shape or inverted V-shape; the background is upright facial expression in experiment 1, the background of inverted face the experiment 2 used, and both in experiment 3. The results revealed that background influences task performance even when it is irrelevant to task. However, there is eminent simple main effect in specific situation: the response of inverted V-shape background (upright sad or inverted happy) is slower than upright V-shape background (upright happy or inverted sad); in addition, the effect is caused by V-shape of background, not emotional feature. In experiment 4, subjects were asked to determine that target and the V-shape of background are of congruent orientation or not, the processing of background is relevant to task in this experiment. The results showed that the subjects are more attracted by backgrounds than targets, and the emotional feature of background are processed. To sum up, when two V-shapes are presented simultaneously, the way how V-shape affect attentional mechanism is very complex. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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