| Summary: | 碩士 === 朝陽科技大學 === 環境工程與管理系 === 102 === In this study, fine particulate emitted from stationary sources were collected by USEPA Method 201A and Method 202. Complete stack PM2.5 (including filterable and condensable) sampling and analysis techniques have been established and were applied to characterize PM2.5 emissions from major stationary sources in Taiwan. In addition, PM2.5 emission factors (EF) and source profiles from the stationary sources are established. Thirty-two samples from various plants including boiler steam generator, waste incinerator, steel and metal processing and manufacturing procedures, textiles, brick manufacturing, glass fiber and asphalt manufacturing were collected. The stack exhaust temperature are between 20.3 ~ 239℃ for the plants. It is necessary to measure CPM when the stack exhaust temperature is higher than 30℃ according to USEPA Method 202. According to USEPA Method 201A, residues of the cyclone should berecovered by acetone washing. The results show that about 95% of the PM2.5 particulates are collected on the filter and the other 5% PM2.5 particulate are in the cyclone. Filterable PM2.5 concentrations are 0.07 ~ 34.2 mg/Nm3 for the 32 samples. High variations of PM2.5 concentrations are due to different processes and different air pollutant control devices for the industries. Concentrations of condensable PM2.5 are 0.02 ~ 403 mg/Nm3. Condensable accounts 60% of total PM2.5 in average. The results show that PM2.5 emissions would be underestimated of condensable PM2.5 is not included for the measurement of PM2.5. PM2.5 cyclone is installed in front of the sampling to separate particulate larger than 2.5 μm.
For the compositions of condensable PM2.5, 70%~95% is in the inorganic portion (washed by water). Less than 30% is in the organic portion (washed by acetone and hexane). Very little portion (0.03 to 3.6%) is collected by the backup Teflon filter.
Chemical compositions of PM2.5 samples were measured. OC accounts for 38.3% of PM2.5 averagely, which is higher than EC. The ions account for 25.8% and metals account for 18% of PM2.5 in average. The emission factor are carbon, ions and metal elements are as follows: Power plants: 2.39, 1.05,0.48 and 0.55 g/MWh; Steam boiler: 109, 46.9, 39.5 and 5.92 g/ton. Brick manufacturing: 7.81, 2.82, 1.22 and 1.17 g/ton; Waste incinerator: 0.35, 0.17, 0.08 and 0.05 g/ton; Industrial waste incinerator: 7.93, 3.29, 2.75 and 0.62 g/ton; Steel plant: 1.13, 0.3, 0.21 and 0.62 g/ton; Metal processing: 33.3, 14.4, 10.4 and 4.26 g/ton; Textiles: 41.7, 26.9, 6.63 and 1.59 g/ton. Asphalt: 1.67, 0.77, 0.41 and 0.16 g/ton; Glass manufacturing: 1.76, 0.76, 0.67 and 0.07 g/ton.
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