A comparison on calcium bioavailability of various calcium sources and their formula

• Main Authors: Tsung-Yu Hung, 洪宗譽
• Other Authors: JIMMY TSAI
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2014
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41978077846144080235

碩士 === 中原大學 === 生物科技研究所 === 102 === The aim of this study was to assess the absorption rate of various calcium supplements by comparing its calcium bioavailability with calcium carbonate. The experiment was designed to follow the evaluation method of calcium bioavailability announced by Department of Health, Taiwan. The experiment included demands "calcium" supplement sources of five kinds of commercial products, experiment with the most common additives or supplements of calcium as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a control sample. Each subject must be single-blind crossover study "control sample" and the "test sample" to offset the individual's physiological errors. Forty volunteers healthy adult males and females voluntarily participated in the study. Male or female subjects, who had osteoporosis after usual digestion and absorption and who felt discomfort after fasting drinking 500 ml milk, and female subjects, who were pregnant or lactating, were both excluded from the study. Before the experiment was conducted, the experimental details and precaution were explained to all the subjects. The subjects were guided in such that they should maintain a steady original diet before and during the experiment. In addition, they were told to avoid the intake of food with high levels of calcium, vitamin D or oxalic acid (Oxalate), and phytic acid (Phytate), which may significantly affect calcium absorption from food. The subjects divided in to six groups with six or seven persons in each group were fasted for at least 12 hours or overnight before the experiment, but drinking water was allowed during fasting. Each volunteer received either the test products or CaCO3 (the control product) during the period of experiment. Five ml of fasting serum and that of urine specimen were collected before the experiment. Subjects were allowed a single intake of the test sample or the control, which contained the amount of calcium equivalent to that in CaCO3, and then subjected to calcium absorption test. Serum and urine specimen were collected 2, 4, and 6 hours after the intake of the products. During this experiment, each subject supplement without calcium and other minerals in the water, worry about fasting blood sugar is too low for too long will cause those who would add pure sugar. During the wash out period (> = 1 week) subjects will maintain a normal diet. And then proceed to the next echelon rotation test, except that each group a different calcium intake samples, the rest are identical with the first feeding trial, a total of six times so rotation test, so that each participant has the opportunity to take in to six different samples (including as a control of calcium carbonate), and each sample had 40 subjects. The first collection of 0,2,4,6 hours were measured in serum and urine concentrations of Ca and urine Ca / Creatinine ratio, and 0 and 4 hours of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration. Experimental results show that two hours after intake of five calcium supplements and calcium carbonate, the serum calcium concentrations significantly increased and serum calcium concentrations after intake of five calcium supplements were significantly higher than after intake of calcium carbonate(p<0.05). Among them, "calcium citrate - milk" and "calcium citrate - smooth milk," the largest increase. Four hours after intake all sample, serum calcium concentration decreased, but the serum calcium concentration can be maintained higher than the calcium carbonate group (p<0.05). Six hours after intake of the five calcium supplements, serum calcium concentrations reverted back to the original fasting serum calcium concentrations, but they continued to be significantly higher than after intake calcium carbonate(p<0.05). Taken together, the calcium absorption rate of the five calcium supplements is significantly higher than that of calcium carbonate, hence higher calcium bioavailability. After ingestion of calcium investigate the effect of sample PTH levels by the test results show that five test groups PTH concentration decreased the amount of change in the four hours after ingestion of calcium carbonate samples were significantly greater than the group (p <0.05), which "calcium citrate "and" calcium citrate - smooth milk, "the concentration decreased the most, followed by" calcium citrate - milk. "This phenomenon is roughly response "calcium citrate - milk" and "calcium citrate - smooth milk," the largest increase in serum calcium, and PTH secretion is relatively suppressed the biggest, but "calcium citrate" is not the rise of serum calcium the biggest, but it is the largest average decline PTH. The test 2 "milk calcium" rise above the serum calcium carbonate, but still significantly below the "calcium citrate - milk" and "calcium citrate - smooth milk", and its decline is also greater than the calcium carbonate PTH group , less than "calcium citrate - milk " and "calcium citrate - smooth milk", presents a considerable change in the consistency of the amplitude. Five test groups urinary calcium / creatinine ratio in the two hours after calcium supplements are also significantly higher than the group (p <0.05), indicating that the test group of calcium is absorbed into the body is indeed significantly higher than the amount of calcium carbonate , but because of the need to maintain a constant blood calcium, resulting in too much calcium to be excreted quickly in the urine. However, although the "milk of calcium - milk 'and' milk calcium - fermented milk," the calcium increase in five sample set is not the highest, but it is in urinary calcium excretion, but the rate of increase or increase the amount of discharge are presented in two hours after ingestion "Milk calcium - milk" and "Milk calcium - fermented milk" is the highest, significantly larger in the discharge amount of 3 citric acid (p <0.05). But in the first four hours later, "calcium citrate - Milk" and "calcium citrate - smooth milk" in urinary calcium excretion higher than the rate of increase of "Milk calcium - milk" and "Milk calcium - fermented milk." Integral calcium concentration after 0-6 hours of ingestion of the sample increase the area under the curve display: This study used three categories of sources of calcium to calcium citrate bioavailability the best, followed by milk calcium , and calcium carbonate as the worst. Comprehensive indicators showed that, when added to milk in calcium citrate bioavailability off than simply a higher intake of calcium citrate; while no significant difference in the milk or milk fermented milk calcium bioavailability.