| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 國家發展研究所 === 101 === Since 1990s, the labor market and family structures have changed, challenging the Member States to establish welfare countries in the EU. Therefore, from the 1990s, the EU put forward a lot of directives in order to facilitate the balance between work and family. "Gender mainstreaming" has become one governing strategy that holds a gender perspective in making and performing policies. This will ensure that resources can be equally shared in different genders. Apply "Open Method of Coordination", through the European Commission and the social partners in social dialogue and under consultation mechanism, the EU is now moving toward social integration. Through peer pressure the Member States are reaching the consent.
This thesis, starting with calling for equality in legislation, the EU constantly emphasizes on equal pay, equal opportunities and equal treatment principles, as well as changing the structural inequality and prohibits direct and indirect discrimination. The EU proposed a "European Employment Strategy" in 2000. During the process of employment policy development, the EU gradually became aware of "flexible security strategy" as a major mode of thinking, which affected the development of the EU family policy.
Parental leave and childcare in the family policy transfer the responsibility of looking after children to the government. The responsibility will no longer be limited to women or few family members because the government should provide childcare services in order to achieve "de family oriented." Parental leave for men enable both genders to take the responsibilities of family care so that we can achieve "re family oriented." The employment policy and family policy can work together to make work and family reach the balance.
Recently in Taiwan, we are facing the declining birthrate and aging society. The government realized that it’s time to set the family members free and take the responsibility of childcare. The implementation of integrating childcare system in 2012 helps women enter the labor market. Then through the parental leave and childcare allowance, it will have great influence in implementing family policies in Taiwan. Therefore, it is feasible for Taiwan to learn the experience from the EU. Through the change both in policy the system, hence affect the values in society that can make men and women achieve the balance between work and family. The ultimate goal will be to achieve gender equality.
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