The Action Research of Scientific Toys Integrated into the Science Teaching Designed in the Elementary Schools — Using “the Straw Panpipes Activities” as an Example

• Main Authors: Li Ju Yeh, 葉麗如
• Other Authors: Tsung Wen Yeh
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2013
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sd587d

碩士 === 國立臺中教育大學 === 科學應用與推廣學系科學教育碩士班 === 102 === This study aimed to use the “ straw instrument “as an example to explore how the scientific toys can be integrated into the sound unit and teaching activities for grade sixth pupils in the elementary school and what the possible problems could meet while designing the teaching activities. The research process is divided into three stages, the first stage was an experimental method to explore the scientific connotations of "the straw instruments" in "the Magic Flute Straw" and "the Straw Panpipes". The experiments were divided into the pre-test experiment and the expert experiment. The pre-test experiment explores the basic production methods of straw instrument, the needed materials, and the experiments in the pronunciation scale measurement of the Straw Panpipes. The expert experiment is planed by the results of pre-test experiment. The experts experiment consists of 13 elementary and junior high school teachers’ joint implementation. The experimental results include exploring the produced twelve-tone method of straw Panpipes and the experimental values of the straw length scale. The second stage designed "the straw instrument" to blend into the sound unit teaching activities by “5E learning cycle teaching model”. The research subjects are from some sixth grade students in Changhua County. The formal designed teaching content would be planned by the teaching content and teaching process. The third stage used the action research to explore in teaching activities design, teaching content, and teachers' specialty growth. The problems it might meet after three cycles in the straw instrument designed teaching, and it might find the solutions. The research subjects were Changhua County fifth grade and sixth grade students. The data which the researcher collected were teaching videos, researcher reflection journals, observation records of the collaborative teachers, learning sheets, interview records, record form talking with experts, and data analysis from the Content analysis method. The major findings are as follows: First, the length scale value of the Straw Panpipes is related with the temperatures and the materials. The experts experiments on “the straw Panpipes ' experiment measured the straw C5 ~ C6 length scale value are higher than the ideal closed-tube lower VSWR prediction equation. If the difference between experimental and theoretical values correction factor of the nozzle said that the different nozzle scales have different correction factors. It showed that the audio-related resonance effects in the straw material is related the frequency. The resonant frequency is related to temperatures. Two, 5E Learning Cycle Design: scientific toys into the natural areas of teaching, with the clear flow of activities, courses inquisitive, could cultivate students' scientific concept of sequential, skills, and attitudes. Three, the problems and solutions in the 5E various stages of teaching experience: 1. Engagement stage: Students who do not master the approach of the wind straw appropriate instrument. It affects the students’ interest in learning. Teachers help to strengthen their skills through playing and counseling practice , the majority of students went into the learning situation. 2. Exploratory stage: The students felt frustrated from that they didn’t know how to make the bright sounds from the straw forming hermetic piston and lack of concepts of the Magic Flute. The teacher explained how the piston with wet cotton formed a closed suction pipe state is the important factor to let the magic flute can easily audible sound. 3. Explanation stage: Students could focus on competitions, learning from the warm atmosphere. It showed that the appropriate arrangements in the Contest Games that could effectively improve their learning interests from them. The students are initiative to answer questions through the games. It showed up the effective learning. 4. Elaborative stage: the majority of students are lack of the natural musicality in the straw instruments, and they are difficult to grasp the scale accurately. Through the help of frequency analyzer, the students can make an accurate performance analyzer in octave tones for the Straw Panpipes. It showed that the production of musical instruments is effective to develop the students' scientific skills. 5. Evaluation stages: Let students conduct the Straw Panpipes music, the students appreciate the performances, in one hand, and learning the pronunciation of evaluation instruments and sound relationships between concepts, on the one hand. It may cultivate their appreciation, observation, and cooperation attitude. Fourth, teachers' professional development: Through experimental research of the scientific content exploring in the Straw Panpipes. The experimental teachers could effectively enhance the concept of sound scientific knowledge and practical skills in planning and designing. Through the teaching activities and teaching materials, it may effectively raise the Experimental Teachers in the 5E learning Cycle awareness. Through experimental teaching, it may enhance specifically in the design of the curriculum, the teaching scientific laboratory activities, and other aspects of scientific teaching abilities.