| Summary: | 博士 === 國立中山大學 === 資訊工程學系研究所 === 101 === Studies were conducted on vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) in recent years. VANET is a network that combines on-board wireless equipment and roadside fixed wireless equipment through wireless communication technology. It focuses on the safety and efficiency of a vehicle driving on road. Therefore, the security of traffic information provided by vehicles is very important in a VANET environment. Vehicular information has to be real-time and the calculation of message authentication cannot be too complicated. In addition, short distance wireless communication is adopted in VANET technology, so it has to be quick and secure to authenticate the ID of a vehicle in every RSU. Also, VANET requires vehicles to achieve conditional anonymity and conditional untraceability.
This paper presents three types of message authentication mechanism, which aim at improving research shortcomings with three merits: (1) speeding up the message signature and authentication to reduce latency caused by encryption/decryption, and the experiment outcomes show that the speed of message encryption/decryption resulted from this paper is faster than other researches''; (2) because VANET uses dedicated short-range communication, along with the high running speed, the vehicle is able to execute hand-offs in different RSUs, and the research of this paper uses quick authentication mechanism to allow the vehicle to acquire the RSU trust and relevant parameters in different RSU ranges; (3) the RSU''s vehicle identity authentication and update of the vehicle''s anonymous ID as well as relevant parameters can reduce the TA load; (4) no need of showing any certificate to have the vehicle authenticated can prevent the certificate from long exposure to attract attacks; (5) the vehicle can communicate with other vehicles in the neighboring RSU ranges; (6) in additional to message broadcasting among vehicles, private communication is also functional.
Of the three types of message authentication mechanism proposed in this paper, the first type, allowing quick hand-off and message authentication, comes with three shortcomings: (1) messages among vehicles need to wait for the RSU authentication; (2) there is no private communication among the vehicles; (3) during the RSU authentication, vehicles need to show their true identities. For all the above three shortcomings, the second type of message authentication is thus proposed for improvement. It verifies the message correctness with Chameleon Hashing which, however, uses exponentiation that produces huge data volume and causes great burden to the wireless environment. Consequently, this paper also proposes the third type of authentication to the rescue of the second type, and to expedite the hand-off execution. From the experiment results, we are confirmed that all the three authentication mechanisms proposed in this paper are superior to other researches'' and conformable to the security requirements as well on confidentiality, message integrity, non-repudiation, conditional anonymity, and conditional untraceability.
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