「觀」美濃什麼事？一個客家鄉鎮在不同旅遊階段下的解說策略

• Main Author: 李洛鈴
• Other Authors: 洪馨蘭
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2013
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03666642063254050845

碩士 === 國立高雄師範大學 === 客家文化研究所 === 101 === Meinong, a Hakka village with ninety percent of Hakka people in southern Taiwan, was evaluated and voted to be one of the top 10 towns for tourist attractions in 2012 by a panel of experts. The study proposes to explore Meinong’s developmental process from a rural town to a popular tourist attraction, and the mechanism (platform) forming the process in different eras respectively. According to problem awareness, I adopt the theory , "Gaze", from the social anthropologist John Urry to analyze the development of tourism in Meinong. According to Urry's view, "Gaze" is the main idea of tourism. Tourist’s sightseeing is the process of gathering "symbols". Besides, the groups of the targets of "Gaze" are different based on tourists’ age, and the targets of "Gaze" will repeatedly be duplicated, amended, created and to go a step further. On the other hand, "Interpretation" serves as educational function to play the important role on stimulating tourists to think, and protecting the environment and culture. Hence, the interpreter is the soul of interpretation. In this study, I suggest to explore "how" the interpreters to demonstrate Hakka through the interpretation of Meinong. Besides, both MacCannel and John Urry have proposed the "Gaze" of tourists often disturb local residents, causing inconvenience and resentment. In the process of developing tourism, the questions arise such as what kind of effects the Meinong residents, natural and cultural heritage have been influenced how to adjust themselves . This study proposes the following three research objectives: First, observe how Meinong, the traditional "Hakka township", develops different stages of traveling patterns, characteristics of each stage, the opportunities to develop, the background and the difference of the targets tourists gaze. Second, analyze the kinds of "Hakka" tourist gaze at, and the ways the the local residents change their roles during sightseeing. Third, "Interpretation" is the important bridge between tourists and tourist attractions. This study is to analyze the processes of the construction of interpretation mechanism in each traveling stage, as well as the interpretation strategies, including interpretation contents and skills, adopted by interpreters. In this study, based on ethnography, I interview with travel agencies, the interpreters from different backgrounds and local residents with research methods such as be a participant-as-observer and in-depth interview in the course of fieldwork. In addition, by reviewing relevant litetature, I tend to recreate the the opportunities, changes and characteristics of Meinong in various stages of tourism development, the strategies the interpreters adopted, and the adjustment and role changing of local residents. Through the above research methods and structures, the conclusion is as follows: First, Meinong's tourism development can be divided into three stages: 1. In the 1980s, the rise of the rural tourism under the influence of literature, film and ecology. 2. In the 1990s, the rise of culture and eco-tourism campaign under the influence of anti-reservoir activity. 3. From 2000 to now, the rise of food and agricultural village experiencing traveling driven by the LOHAS wave. Second, the Hakka spirits experienced by tourists from the material Hakka in the beginning. Moreover, through the activities held by local organizations, tourists are able to experience the Hakka in spiritual way. Nowadays, from the multiple tourism development, the mixture of the different levels Hakka cultures can be observed. Third, interpretation is irreplaceable. Through the experiences of participating in local activities, local interpreters share with tourists not only traditional messages but also social activities which touch tourists’ hearts to build a sustainable environment for Meinong tourism.