| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立嘉義大學 === 獸醫學系研究所 === 101 === Traditionally the hatching procedures in Taiwanese waterfowl hatcheries are operated by artificial method. The sanitation condition of hatchery is unknown and must be concerned. We sampled from hatchery equipments and egg surfaces for colony units count and collected death-in-shell from goose hatcheries in Yunlin, Chiayi and Tainan counties, and then investigated the microorganisms in the hatching equipment and death-in-sell. The molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli from hatchery equipment and death-in-shell during the hatching process were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Since January 2011 to May 2012, 432 bacteria were isolated from 718 goose death-in-shells and the bacterial isolation rate was 50.28 % (361/718). 23 bacterial strains were isolated from death-in-shell in total. Escherichia spp. had the highest isolation rate which was 30.79 % (133/432). The bacteria isolation rate of death-in-shell when candling on day 5-7, after day 12 and hatching were 32.50 %, 72 % and 72.76 %. The isolation rate was obvious ascended after cooling. Use the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate the Escherichia coli from a hatchery in Chiayi, the result showed the Escherichia coli from egg surface in the incubator and egg membrane in hatcher were of the same cluster, which the similarity was 100 %. Having a cooler floor in storage and death-in-shell could also isolate the same cluster of Escherichia coli. Disinfectant test of Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. from egg surfaces, hatching equipments and death-in-shell of the hatchery, the result showed that quaternary ammonium could disinfect Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. but difficult to eliminate Bacillus spp..The bacteria on egg surfaces and hatching equipments can penetrate into eggs through pores in shell, which will contaminate eggs and caused embryonic death-in-shell. Based on the finding, we highly recommended hatchery owners to improve the sanitation by appropriate disinfectant in hatchery and clean up egg surface before incubation in order to decrease the microorganisms into eggs and reduce the loss of death-in-shell.
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