| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中央大學 === 客家研究碩士在職專班 === 101 === Research on Fengcheng Hakka in Yongding County of Fukien Province
Abstract
This essay is the field study and research on Hakka in Yongding county of Fukien Province. Because Yongding Hakka group is considered to be recessive of Hakka migrants in Taiwan, therefore Taiwanese scholars tend to focus their researches on other Hakka group rather than those from Yongding. As Song Yen Lu once said, “Hakka of west Fukien is considered to be more diversified and unique, the character of its phonology is even worth to be studied and discovered”. This study is based on some relevant literatures and develops on that basis, and then it investigates how the Hakka phonology evolve in Yongding County.
This essay is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly explains the investigation motivation and aims, the referred history bibliography and historical evolvement of Fengcheng township to conduct this research, current language usage and the introduction of phonologic demonstration speaker (發音人, 示範發音者), and it has brief description under each item. The second chapter is about the flat verbal system. The language corpus was collected by field survey and was processed into a homophone list, and then it was sorted into a list with more details of vowels, consonants, tones, tone sandhi, literary and colloquial read, etc. for further explanations. Chapter Three makes the comparison of Fengcheng Hakka with early-middle Chinese and discuss how Fengcheng Hakka evolves and compared its evolution to early-middle Chinese phonologic profile. The forth chapter is about the discovery of Fengcheng Hakka characteristics, such as in the vowel parts: refer to the tilde phenomenon of JianXiaoZu, the special pronunciation of Jiamu (an ancient Chinese vowel) as h-, ɕ-, f-, v-, k-, and k’, ancient voiceless glottal fricatives are often aspired when pronounce but without sound, “JingZiZhuanChang” combines into a series of “Tchi Sii Sound” (滋絲音), the special phenomenon “NiRiYiMuZi” phonological vowel pronounced as h- vowel, the characteristic “zhang” group pronounced as f- vowel, aspired voiceless glottal fricative and aspired voiced glottal fricative pronunciation both existed in ancient Chinese “chung, xie, chuan, xiz, sheng, shu, zen” vowels groups; in the consonants parts: “ge, ge, hao” combined together to form a unique tri-composed pronunciation - iai, Fengcheng Hakka consonant tail vowel combined to be “ŋ” and “ ʔ”, “gong, sher” demonstrated the phenomenon of both literary and colloquial reading, “xiao, sher, zhi chang” third grade and “lio, sher” first grade vowel are combined as “-əu”, the pulse phonation of the first and second grade vowel. As for the part of tone, the characteristics are: Quanzoushan and Cizoushan reading tones tend to be Yin flat (vowels without consonant tail vowel, and flat tone) and Yin upper (vowels without consonant tail vowel, and higher tone), or ZouChuGueShan (voiceless glottal fricative and higher tone) alternation phenomenon. The fifth chapter compares the tones and vocabulary characteristics of Fengcheng Hakka with Taiwan Yonding Hakka, which aims to discover the different and common parts between them therefore to observe the vocabulary usage in Yongding Hakka of both in mainland China and in Taiwan. Chapter six is the conclusion.
Key word: Dialect, Yongding, Hakka, Phonology, Vocabulary, Tone,Fengcheng Township
|
|---|
