| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 園藝學系所 === 101 === According to previous studies, natural environments can provide the benefits of positive enhancement in human’s physiological state, cognition and health. In Kaplan & Kaplan (1989) study, visual perception is in the most part for human to experience nature, he mentioned that natural environments has been conferred all the necessity for attention restoration, and under the attention restoration theory (ART) established in his study, he proposed four features of restorative environments of landscape which have the benefits in attention restoration, and they were “being away”, “extend”, “fascination” and “compatibility”. Reviewing from waterscape related studies, those research tendencies were mostly toward holistic water landscape to probe the subjects’ emotional experience and preference, however the “fundamental form” in landscape design (ex: change in contour line) also has the influence in human’s perception, therefore the study would base on the landscape elements (of landscape design) to investigate whether the variation in different types of waterscape will affect human’s emotional perception, and then attempting to construct a systematic framework from this issue.
This study used focus group to select pictures, set selection methods and criteria. Discussing the influences of different types and scales of waterscape pictures whether have certain effects on psychological benefits, and comparing different types (flowing water, waterfall, fountain and stagnant water) and scales (large, medium and small) of waterscape pictures, the study proceeded the photos selection via the way of focus group and established the method and principle for photo selection. In the research measurement, restorative component scale (RCS) revised by Laumann (2001) has been applied, combined and fit into the research to measure the psychological perception in subject’s attention restoration, and the research utilizes the BioGraph InfinitiTM to proceed the measurement of physiological response. Otherwise, 99 valid questionnaires from subjects as high school students has been obtained.
In the research result, psychological perception in 12 different types’ and scales’ waterscape pictures showed that “medium-scaled flowing water” has the best effect in attention restoration. In the other hand, dynamic waterscape pictures have more benefits than static water, especially in the type “waterfall.” The differences between attention restoration traits in dynamic and static state of water are “being away” and “fascination”, moreover the analysis outcome showed that the larger scale of waterscape, the better effect of restoration they provide. In the data of physiological response, it referred that subject’s Electromyography (EMG) displays “medium-scaled flowing water” has the best effect in muscle relaxation, and “large-scaled fountain” demonstrates the best relaxation effect showing in blood volume pressure (BVP) and heart rate (HR). Comprehending from above, it can be recognizable between subjects’ psychological perception and physiological response in different types and scales, and the study further elucidates that the method and principle of photo selection via focus group can certainly be the classification to waterscape’s types and scales.
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