A Longitudinal Study on The Condition of Ex-offenders’ Employment And Recidivism

• Main Author: 李清智
• Other Authors: 陳玉書
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 1030
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uns982

碩士 === 中央警察大學 === 犯罪防治研究所 === 101 === This longitudinal study aimed to explore the relationship between employment and recidivism for ex-offenders. In-prison work is one of method to educate offenders. It not only maintain the discipline within prison, but also cultivate indigenous attitude towards work and exercise offenders’ physiology and psychology. Offenders at times are stigmatized by the society. When they apply for a new job, many companies request them to provide the criminal history, bring in more barriers for them to have a stable job. As a result, they face the financial difficulties; they have no way but to recommit crime to satisfy their basic needs. In light of this, the author considered the employment is a major factor to impact on the successfully reintegration with the society for offenders. The data used in present study derived from project of “Recidivism Prediction: How life stress, social and social learning impact adult re-offenders and preventive strategies” supported by National Science Council (NSC). The ex-offenders on parole were under supervision by Ban-Chiao district prosecutors office, they were invited to this study, so the samples were 959 ex-offenders. Using statistic tests, the results included below. (1) More males than females have a stable job, and less to change job in terms of the gender and employment for offenders. (2) With more negative coping strategies, ex-offenders have higher number of re-offend; the delinquent peers have significant correlations with the stability of work and work motivation, indicating that friendship significant impact the work attachment. The study found that elderly face more challenges than young adult to find a job the relationship between age and employment. (3) More times of probation brought serious stigma to ex-offenders, not allowing them to maintain a job. The more the guilty verdict is, the heavier financial burden their family carry. (4)When ex-offenders adopt negative and avoided coping, they might commit more crime; their delinquent peers would impact the stability for work. And the more negative lifestyle lowered the stability of work, reduced work attachment and motivation. The binary logistic regression and multiple regressions were performed to analyze whether the demographic information was correlated with re-offend. These information (including gender, age, education background and other structural variables) have significant correlations with reoffend. The results indicated that re-offend ratio in male is 2.337 times than that in female. Comparing to the education, re-offend ratio in offenders with junior high school degree is .859 than others. The younger higher the re-offend risk is. Results using path analysis indicated that (1) Time interval to re-offend is shorter in male ex-offenders than that in female. Male, lower family attachment, lower work attachment, more delinquent peers and negative lifestyle affect indirectly re-offend time interval. That is consistent with what social control theory claimed – family and work are key elements. Those also are major factors to affect how offenders reintegrated into the society. lifestyle has direct effect on time level to re-offend, showing that more negative lifestyle affect indirectly time level to-reoffend, which is consistent with what Sampson & Laub’s Age-Graded Informal Social Control Theory. Based upon the aforementioned result, the suggestions made included the following. It is necessary to (1) assist offenders to reintegrate into society could prevent re-offend, (2) reduce the brand by early criminal history, (3) allow aftercare associations working well, (4) help re-offenders keeping distance with delinquent peers, (5) reinforce the family attachment, (6) pay attention to negative lifestyle.