| Summary: | 博士 === 國防大學政治作戰學院 === 政治研究所 === 100 === Abstract
Increasing significantly with the effectiveness of the reform and opening up policy in China, its economy has also developed rapidly and growing. It has surpassed Japan to become the second largest economic system of the world in 2010. China’s international status and influence become much more important then ever. However, under the significance of blooming economic prosperity, the serious social crisis are existing in China, such as natural disasters, social conflicts, the wealth gap, official corruption, mass incidents, environmental pollution, food hygiene and so on. These problems are challenging the legitimacy and legality of the CCP regime. Therefore, the CCP takes regime threat seriously from public emergencies. When emergencies occurred, they often put state-wide forces efficiently to respond rapidly and to reduce the impact of the disaster and injury.
The way of dealing with the outbreak of SARS during 2003, the CCP exposed many faults in the emergency management system, so they took the successful practices from other countries and the lessons learned in previous disasters to re-enact the emergency management of the core content with "One plan and Three Systems". "One plan" means the emergency management plan, the "Three Systems" include the emergency management system, legal system and mechanism system, through the operation of tight institution system, the CCP hope that can monitor the incident to prevent emergencies before it occurred. In addition, if emergencies happen abruptly, it can be based on the formulation of contingency plans under response calmly,mitigating and eliminating of emergencies that might be cause serious harm to public.
Follow the viewpoint of public governance, the Government is no longer the only center to manage state and social affairs, furthermore, enterprises, social organizations and government can do together to fulfill the responsibilities of the management public affairs. However, the occurrence of unexpected emergencies is far more than load ability of the Government. In order to effectively respond to emergencies in a timely manner, they need to give full function to the leading role of government to integrate and organize various resources to cope with. The CCP uses the relevant legislation to contain the military, business and social organizations into the network system to cope with and respond the emergencies. First of all, the military is responsible for foreign military, natural disasters, accidents, public health, social security and other emergencies. Secondly, the enterprises and social organizations are actually involved in relief operations, charitable contributions, providing emergency support and assisting in post-disaster reconstruction, helping the poor, and promoting environmental protection, etc., and play the function of the auxiliary support.
When the era of economic globalization, a major emergency response is not only the responsibility of every government but also the international community would face the problem of all global societies. Such as the spread of cross-domain transmitted diseases in the world, and the frequent occurrence of natural disasters caused by global warming, increasingly rampant international terrorism and other major issues, each government must establish a set of good and effective mechanisms for international cooperation to ensure the safety of the survival of mankind. The CCP takes its image for a great importance of responsible power in the world, and highly participate in the activities of international organizations. Under the regional and bilateral frameworks, all participation in natural disasters, peacekeeping, combating piracy, nuclear counter-terrorism, public health, NGO and other important cooperation in the field have achieved considerable success.
Emergency management of the CCP in the long-term construction and reform are constantly subjected to the test of major public emergencies, and accumulated rich experience in management and response. Actually, they has been gradually establish a "responsibilities compartmentalized, integration of whole nations" manage by classification, lowering empowerment", "prevention first, combine with war time and peaceful time" national emergency management system. Through the operational process, the CCP based on the nature of the various types of public emergencies in the classification and which are grading, staging and setting, combined with government emergency management organizations to develop a "vertical to the end, horizontal
-to-edge" coverage wide contingency plans of all levels, and to fully realize the organic combination of early warning and emergency, the normal management and emergency management. The CCP want to build a fully integrated government emergency management mode. By the major emergencies and summing up experience which lessons learned to continuously revise, the CCP can improve the ability of the Government's early warning emergency management, rapid response capability and the aftermath of learning ability. Therefore, we should learn China's experiences and lessons of the emergency management system as for our disaster prevention inspiration and reference.
Keywords：disaster、emergent public event、emergency management plan、
emergency management
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