| Summary: | 碩士 === 東吳大學 === 中國文學系 === 100 === Yaokuai is a common concept, although the scope seldom could be defined clearly . The multiplicity of the concept of Yaokuai also has generated relatively little discussion. Most researchers would start their studies from defining the meaning of Yaokuai, and then collect the literature related to the definition, and it would exclude some of the early concept of Yaokuai. In order to approximate the primal concept of Yaokuai, this study is focus on the catalogic encyclopedia “Yaokuai Pu, Shenyi Tien, Gujin Tushu Jicheng”, analyzing the concept of Yaokuai which the compilers endued, in order to understand the concept of YaoKuai in the past.
Yaokuai is a common concept, although the scope seldom could be defined clearly . The multiplicity of the concept of Yaokuai also has generated relatively little discussion. Most researchers would start their studies from defining the meaning of Yaokuai, and then collect the literature related to the definition, and it would exclude some of the early concept of Yaokuai. In order to approximate the primal concept of Yaokuai, this study is focus on the catalogic encyclopedia “Yaokuai Pu, She Nyi Tien, Gujin Tushu Jicheng”, analyzing the concept of Yaokuai which the compilers endued, in order to understand the concept of YaoKuai in the past.
Observing those literature of Unusual Monsters in “Yaokuai Pu, Jicheng”, we could find that Unusual Monster is the earliest concept among the three types. At first, these Yaokuai have the same feature as deities , which have combined appearance . While those deities became more human-like, Yaokuai became more and more animal-like. During Qin and Han dynasties, because of the current of Chenwei, the omens character of Unusual Monster . And then, the character of combined appearance gradually disappeared and differentiated the Nymph.
However, the concept of Nymph still have not stabilized after Six Dynasties. I found these Yaokuai became more and more human-like, and presented the ideal personality. This process reached its peak while Ming and Qing dynasties. At the same time, Demon Calamity, a kind of Yaokuai, appeared and caused great panic. I compared the social background and the dissertations of Sinologists, trying to find the answer of this conversion of Yaokuai.
After researching the concept of Yaokuai and the transformation , I tried to figure out the image of Yaokuai in the graphic material, such as Rock Art, The Illustrations to the Book of Hills and Seas, illustrations of Han Stone, Ming and Qing mythical demon novel illustrates, and the paintings of Chinese New Year during late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China. Studying these pictures which have great correlation with Yoakuai in order to have an understanding the elements composed these pictures.
Finally, I want to know if the concept of Yokuai in China have transferred to neighboring countries, such as Japan and Korea. I explored the literature records of these culture transferring in general, and reaching the conclusion : The concept of Yaokuai in these countries originated in China. There are some Yaokuai in these two countries even preserved all the characteristics their origins possessed intactly.
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