| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺北大學 === 公共行政暨政策學系 === 100 ===
In this article, it takes the observation of creation and development of the coalition government on politics in Japan as a point of departure. Since 1955, the Liberal Democratic Party and the Socialist Party made the “five-five system”formed, the Liberal Democratic Party had taken the leading power of politics in Japan, up to 38 years. In 1993, the Liberal Democratic Party failed to obtain over half of the seats in the House of Representatives in the election and lost the ruling power temporarily. The politics was instable in Japan during this period of time. In 1996, the Liberal Democratic Party obtained the majority seats of the House of Representatives in the election and took the ruling power back, but still less than half of the seats, it should look for partner(s) to organize the coalition. In 1999, the New Komeito Party cooperated with the Liberal Democratic Party. No matter there was a third party in the Cabinet or not, the two parties had maintained the stable cooperation of coalition for 10 years since then.
In this paper, it will first make an introduction to “the theory of coalition” and “the theory of path-dependent ”, and then take the most suitable model from “the theory of coalition” to explain the cooperation of the Liberal Democratic Party and the New Komeito Party. There are four dimensions of cooperation in the theory of coalition: (1) the cooperation of the elections; (2) the cooperation of the Congressional seats; (3) the cooperation of executive positions; (4) the cooperation of legislation; it focus on the cooperation of the elections in this paper. After all, it will take “the theory of path-dependent” as basic to analyze a decade-long partnership between the two parties, including that it worked or not of cooperation in election and whether the two parties reached their separate goal and common goal set before election or not, which effected the continuance of the cooperation between the two parties or not and whether the two parties would cooperate before the election again at next time or not.
In the result of this paper, we can find that the cooperation of the elections between the Liberal Democratic Party and the Komeito Party was a process of “path-dependent” . The consensus of symbiosis came into existence between the two parties from the process of the cooperation of the elections and the two parties shared the achievements of the elections. The results of the elections fitted in with the expectations of the two parties. The Liberal Democratic Party was still the largest party in parliament after the elections in 2000, 2003 and 2005. Although the New Komeito Party was a small party, it could be a member of the coalition and thus retained that kind of power as the ruling party. It could also avoid the fate of most of small parties that disappeared like bubbles.
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