| Summary: | 碩士 === 南華大學 === 哲學與生命教育學系 === 100 === In my paper I would like to discuss and compare the autonomy ethics of I. Kant with of Mencius and the related studies. The results obtained from this study are expected to provide beneficial materials for the character education and personality cultivation. The content of this thesis is organized as follows: Chapter 2 first discusses the good will and duty introduced in Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals by Kant, and is then followed by the analyses of the relationship between duty and the ethical value, as well as the three principles of duty. With the analytical cases of moral sentiment, this chapter proofs that the moral subject is indicated to be formal, rather than sensible. In Chapter 3, five principles of the categorical imperatives are described with the introduction of the scope and applicability of priori and the classification and possibilities of the imperative. This chapter also summarizes that autonomy occupies the highest priority of moral. The character of will can only act as heteronymous moral. Chapter 4 explains that freedom plays not only the key role in the autonomy of will but also the characteristics of the rational will. Kant’s intelligible and sensible worlds are further used to illustrate the free will. Freedom is indicated as the most influential determinant to transcend the sensible world and legal behaviors are therefore regarded as duty. Chapter 5 compares the viewpoints of ethics introduced by Kant and Mencius from 《Body of the mind and of human nature》by Mou Tsong-san and《Confucianism and Kant》by Lee Ming-huei. One of the Mencius’ theory of benevolence and righteousness inside our mind which means the autonomy of moral subject is indicated with a collection of his important viewpoints, such as separation grand behavior from humble behavior、theory of human nature、theory of goodness of human nature, etc. Due to the different schemes in the moral subjects, Kant and Mencius possessed variant explanation toward autonomy of ethics, in which purely formal is emphasized in Kant’s perspective while the Mencius combined mind、principle、emotion into the four ends. Based upon such the difference which introduces the restriction and driving factors of fulfillment of moral, the conclusion of this study can be the important reference and application to the moral education.
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