| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立嘉義大學 === 史地學系研究所 === 100 === After the failure of the First Sino-Japanese War in1894-95, Taiwan became a Japanese colony and education became the weapon of colonial rule over Taiwan.
At the beginning, given the urgent need, the Taiwan Governor-General Office set up the National (Japanese) Language Schools as training institutions to cultivate interpreters, officials and school teachers, funded by the National Treasury. Soon, the self-financing local public schools took the place of the abolished National Language Schools. Given Taiwan’s political and economic situation (1895-1915), the Japanese government adopted the “non-fixed policy” to adjust its educational policy. With political stability, the Taiwanese people started to accept modern education and the school attendance rate increased. Thus, the Japanese government (1915-1937) shifted to “the inland extension policy”, the assimilation policy, and promulgated new "Taiwan Education Order” in Taisho 11th year (1922). With the new law, Japanese proficiency became the criteria to enter the public schools, instead of the former standard of nationality.
As the war intensified, school education had entered the period of the wartime system. The Japanese government accelerated the speed of kominka and wanted to cultivate imperial subjects who were loyal to Japan and would bravely fight the enemies on the battlefield for Japan. Then in Showa 18th year (1943), Japan implemented compulsory education, which was a landmark initiative for the history of education in Taiwan.
Since education was the weapon of ruling Taiwan, Japan showed its intention on the curricular arrangement. To make the Japanese language more popular, it increased the schools’ Japanese curriculum, whereas Chinese Education also was adapted to the school curriculum to win over the Taiwanese. In order to instill the students with good morals and cultivate the national spirit of allegiance to Japan, the most important course was cultivation. The spirit of “Imperial Rescript on Education” was also integrated into the Japanese language teaching materials and environment to reform the spirit of the Taiwanese people. The public schools gradually increased Japanese history and geography to the subject matter so the Taiwanese people could understand the situation of its colonial mother country.
For developing the colonial physique, gymnastics was required. In order to show the teaching achievements and for the purpose of publicity, athlete meetings transformed from hiking to county joint games, and finally became fixed activities for the schools. However, as "hiking" and "games" gradually became separate entities, the public schools started "field trips" to expand students' vision. By cleverly arranging the location of the tour, it could also promote Japan's national prestige.
Huangsi College was formerly Dadu Public School. In the early stage under Japanese rule, local gentry submitted an application to set up Dadu Public School to enhance local education. This study uses Dadu Public School as the object to explore the source of funding, the rate of qualified teachers, the salary difference between Japanese and Taiwanese teachers, the student attendance rate and the changes in school attendance. Thus, this study can lead to more understanding of the content of teaching and learning activities during the Japanese colonial period. Through old photographs and historical materials, it is hoped that a glimpse of the education system introduced by Japanese government will be seen and that there can be a restoration of the educational environment of the Japanese colonial period.
In addition to indoctrination at schools, the Japanese government also generally established social educational institutions in the society. The traditional study was the jurisdiction of the Government House. The government supervised the teaching course and eventually made it the subsidiary organ of the implementation of "imperialization." This study introduces the Dadu Public School-based social educational institutions and attempts to discern the intention of the Japanese government to accommodate all Taiwanese people to its social educational system.
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