| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中央大學 === 客家研究碩士在職專班 === 100 === Abstract
Traditionally, the Hakka people have won a plenty of good names and praises, i.e. thrifty, hard neck, hardworking, unity and education orientation. It is known from the past in the history of few thousand years that the Hakka have played a significant role in all dynasties. Nevertheless, in Taiwan, the Hakka were subjected to discrimination in the past. Stereotypes and stigma imposed on the Hakka may be even worse. Ethnic imagery or stereotypes would easily affect the willingness to have ethnic identities. Positive image of ethnic groups is a kind of talisman; negative ethnic image is very likely to become a burden.
This study is to use the “basic survey data of Taiwan Social Change" as research subject, exploring 1. the discourse of the Hakka image from outsiders and literature. 2 the verification and comparison of the behavior and attitude between the various ethnic groups. 3, the differences in inner Hakka ethnicity. 4. the analysis and depiction of Hakka image.
The findings show that:
1. At the aspect of money behaviors and attitudes: statistically, the Hakka ethnic group is comparability close to the Minnan, but significantly distinctive from some other ethnic groups in various mainland provinces. In views of money behaviors and attitudes and demoted townships, the intellectual Hakka in the generation after 1971 (included) are significantly different from the generation before 1970 (included).
2. At the aspect of the value of education: both the Minnan and Hakka ethnic groups put an emphasis on finding good jobs; the most important things for ethnic groups in mainland provinces and cities are to learn how to deal with people properly; in views of educational attitudes, the Hakka ethnic group would put more stress on their sons and daughters to receive college education or higher; followed by the ethnic groups in the mainland provinces and cities; the Minnan would pay less concern about it. The Hakka ethnic group with higher education paying more attention to children education is more significantly difference form the Hakka ethnic group with lower education in terms of educational attitudes.
3. At the aspect of the interpersonal trust in networks: The Hakka ethnic group has higher interpersonal relationships and communication networks; followed by the Minnan group; the ethnic groups in mainland provinces are lower. Nevertheless, the ethnic groups in mainland provinces have higher interpersonal trust; it next goes to the Hakka group and then the Minnan group, the lowest. In views of data, the Hakka group is highest; the ethnic group in mainland provinces is next; the Minnan group is the lowest. In views of interpersonal trust and communication networks, there are significant differences between and within the Hakka with different generations and educational backgrounds.
4. At the aspect of public participation: in views of the overall data, we found in this item that the ethnic groups in mainland provinces are highest; followed by the Hakka group; the Minnan group is the lowest. Although there are differences within the Hakka groups in the Northern region, Southern region, urban or remote township; however, there are significant differences between the Hakka group in different generations and educational backgrounds.
5. This study presents the facts that the Hakka people in Taiwan takes a medium value on behavior.
The researcher proposes: the core crisis of the Hakka group is the loss and invisibility of the Hakka culture. In the younger generation, the Hakka elements have been less seen (i.e. invisibility of the identity of Hakka cultural affairs, gradually dissipated and faded). How to strengthen the younger generations in terms of the Hakka identity is a top priority for the Hakka administrative department to deal with.
Keywords: Hakka image, Stereotype
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