Anti-inflammatory effect of new variety selection of bitter melon and its molecular mechanism

• Main Authors: Yi-Fen, 陳宜芬
• Other Authors: 徐慶琳
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2012
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j75858

碩士 === 中山醫學大學 === 營養學研究所 === 100 === Pharmacological actions of bitter melon have been investigated for various uses, including antibacterial, antiviral, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and anticancer actions. However, anti-inflammatory effects of new variety selection of bitter melon are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the effects of Momordica charantia, Momordica charantia MDS72, and Momordica charantia ONS33 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages and its molecular mechanism. There are two topics included in this study, (1) Effects of different solvent extracts from the fruit and seed of Momordica charantia, Momordica charantia MDS72, and Momordica charantia ONS33 on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages. (2) Effects of compounds A, B, C, D, and E isolated from the potential bitter melon on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages. (1) The evaluation of antioxidant activity was determined by trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and total phenolics assays. These assays demonstrated a relatively high antioxidant activity for ethyl acetate extract of bitter melon. These results revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of the fruit of Momordica charantia MDS72 (EAEFMCMDS72) had the most prominent inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) productions in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In protein expression, EAEMCMDS72 inhibited LPS-stimulated protein expressions of both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. EAEFMCMDS72 also inhibited LPS-stimulated gene expressions of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 macrophages. (2) Compounds A, B, C, D, and E were isolated from the fruits of Momordica charantia MDS72. These results indicated that the compound A had the most prominent inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TNF-α, MCP-1, and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) productions in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In protein expression, compound A inhibited LPS-stimulated protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2, phosphor-ERK (p-ERK), phosphor-JNK (p-JNK), c-Jun, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In gene expression, compound A also inhibited LPS-stimulated gene expressions of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), janus kinase 2 (Jak2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results demonstrate that compound A isolated from the fruits of Momordica charantia MDS72 suppress LPS-induced NO, PGE2, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-1β productions by inhibiting expressions of p-ERK, p-JNK, and JAK2-STAT3 as well as reducing NF-κB in nucleus of RAW 264.7 cells.