| Summary: | 碩士 === 環球技術學院 === 環境資源管理所 === 99 === Tourism is becoming a huge and fast developing global industry inch by inch, and the output value is growing up with the economic development of every country. In the meanwhile, to grab huge amounts of foreign exchange and create opportunities of job, each country spares no effort to develop its tourist industry. The efficiency of tourism development becomes a major issue under the pressures coming from competition and price. Our research applied CCR input-oriented model (CCR-I Model) of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to investigate the development performance of tourists to Taiwan from 1996, the year of Taiwan's first democratically presidential election, to 2008. There were 4 inputs, i.e. rooms at tourist hotels, the number of travel agencies, the number of international flights, and the tourism bureau's budget, and 2 outputs, the number of tourists to Taiwan, and foreign exchange earnings from tourism, put into efficiency, slack variable, and sensitiveness analyses. The results showed that, under assuming constant returns to scale, year 1996 and year 2006-2008 were over the critical point, it meant that the inputs were controlled appropriately during these 4 years respectively, and it made the outputs have excellent performances. Among them, year 1996 and 2008 could be defined as strong effective units, and year 2006 and 2007 as marginally effective ones. However, year 1997-2005 were on the ineffectively critical point. It might result from that the inputs were not fully utilized or the outputs did not reach the expected level. So they became the relatively ineffective units. Year 1997-1999, 2001, 2002, and 2005 were marginally ineffective units, and the other 3 years, 2000, 2003, and 2004, were distinctly ineffective ones. Otherwise, we realized that the ineffectiveness were mainly derived from spare rooms at tourist hotels, surplus travel agencies, excessive international flights, and poor budget implementation by slack variable analysis. Moreover, we found that input, tourism bureau's budget, affected most to the whole effectiveness of Taiwan tourist development through sensitiveness analysis, but the input, number of international flights, affected least. From all results mentioned above, year 2003 was exactly the poorest year in the development performance of tourists among 1996 to 2008. On the contrary, year 2008 was an example followed by others to improve their efficiency. Finally, we referred to the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) made public by World Economic Forum (WEF) to compare the tourism competitiveness of Taiwan with other 5 adjacent areas in Asia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Thailand, according to the 8 pillars in the tourism competitiveness in this study. We tried to analyze the superiority to Taiwan on the tourism market from the Mainland departure. The results showed that Taiwan had more competitiveness in the pillars of the price competitiveness in the tourism industry, human resources, and availability. It was suggested that our authority should make our own nationally particular tourist policies by surveying internationally tourist developing trend, the good and bad of our tourist competitiveness, and the tourist policies of other competitive countries. It would absolutely help to cope with all positive and negative effects on our tourism, and raise the number of tourists to Taiwan and the foreign exchange earnings from tourism to enhance the performance of tourist development.
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