Densities, Viscosities, Surface Tensions, and Refractive Indexes for Mixtures of Ethanol, Water, and 1,3-Propanediol

• Main Authors: Chen, Li-Hao, 陳力豪
• Other Authors: Tu, Chien-Hsun
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2011
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50400972767587861244

碩士 === 靜宜大學 === 應用化學系 === 99 === The chemicals used in this study include ethanol、water and 1,3-propanediol, because the applications of these solvents are very wide, and they are also fed in with green solvents with very low toxicity. Ethanol is a good solvent and can dissolve a lot of organic medicines. It can be applied extensively not only in pharmacy, but also in cosmetics. Water can be used widespreadly. We can find its values in lots of areas, like pharmacy, cosmetics, and food industries. 1,3-propanediol can be applied in pharmacy and cosmetics as a excipient or a humectant. In this work, we obtained reliable density, viscosity, refractive index, and surface tension at the temperatures of 298.15 K, 308.15 K, 318.15 K, and 328.15 K for the three binary systems of ethanol + water, ethanol + 1,3-propanediol, and water + 1,3-propanediol, and the ternary system of ethanol + water + 1,3-propanediol at the temperature of 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The excess molar volumes (VE), deviations in the viscosity (Δη), deviations in the surface tension (Δσ), mole fraction deviations in the refractive index (ΔxnD), and volume-fraction deviations in the refractive index (ΔφnD) for the mixtures were derived from these experimental data. The binary data of VE, Δη, Δσ and ΔnD were correlated as a function of the mole fraction using the Redlich-Kister equation. The ternary excess data were correlated with the equations of Jasiński and Malanowski, Cibulka, Singh et al., Pintos et al., Calvo et al., and Mascato et al. The ternary data were also predicted using the equation of Scatchard et al., Tsao and Smith, Toop, Kohler, Colinet, and Jacob and Fitzner. The result is reasonally closed to the experimental result.