| Summary: | 博士 === 中國文化大學 === 史學系 === 99 === The Constitution of the United States that any foreign policy, including that of foreign trading, must be approved and made law by the Congress. The Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has 100 members and the House of Representatives 435. Every policy and law the Congress has made is voted and passed by the congressmen, processing from drafting a bill, introducing it to the Congress, debating the bill’s merits in committees, to the final voting in the Congress, considering all possibilities of profits and grounds.
After the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989, the Most-Favored-Nation Treatment has become a point of dispute of the foreign trading policy between USA and PRC. Until the Permanent Normal Trade Relations with China was passed in 2000, the Congress has then ended the debate of Most-Favored-Nation Treatment with China Statue. This treatment has been considered as a law combining the foreign, security, economic and trading policies, displaying the constancy of the China policy of the US Government and the Congress’ changed position of granting the Most-Favored-Nation Treatment.
From 1990 to 2000, according to the analysis of the bills voting to the Most-Favored-Nation Treating within Congress, the power over the voting patterns of the congressmen was that their “aye” or “no” voting reflected on their districts profits and partisan politics. In fact, Congress also takes human rights into consideration, linking it closely to economic and trading, and demands China to improve its human rights position through trading policy, in order to materialize its idealistic foreign policy. The Republican (Conservative) Party and the Democratic (Liberal) Party have reached a mutual agreement on human rights, while prolonging Most-Favored-Nation Treatment with China, and added up the human rights condition. The human rights disputation is also the key point to grant the Most-Favored-Nation Treatment with China.
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