| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立聯合大學 === 經濟與社會研究所 === 99 === In terms of overall observation, be it religious attitude or religious practice, the Hakka people are no more comprehensively “all-believing” or more inclined towards religious practices than the Min Nan people. The view of the literature that the Hakka people’s belief in feng shui means that the Hakka people are “superstitious” is not supported by evidentiary data.
“Religion” has since ancient times exerted a profound impact on mankind. After the lifting of martial law, the free market for religion gave rise to development opportunities for Taiwan’s religious groups. This enabled Taiwan’s ethnically diverse society to give birth to an even richer religious culture. By means of the combined data on religion from three rounds (round five, second quarter, 1994; round five third quarter, 1999; round five, fourth quarter, 2004) of questionnaire of Taiwan Social Change Survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, this study investigated differences in the types of religious belief, religious attitudes and religious practices of the three ethnic groups that are the Hakka, Min Nan and Mainlanders people, using gender, age at time of completion of the questionnaire, years of education and date of birth as control variables, and further confirmed the performance of the three as regards to religious attitude and religious practice. The study conducted analysis by means of such statistical methods as cross analysis, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis.
The study found that the ethnic group variables had a significant impact on religious belief, religious attitude and religious practice. The Hakka were particularly prominent in the Buddhist category, while, as regards “folk beliefs,” the Hakka and Min Nan peoples had similar faith ratios, showing that “folk beliefs” are the main beliefs of the Min Nan and Hakka peoples, but the Min Nan peoples have clearly higher ratios as regards Taoism and I-Kuan Tao than do the Hakka or Mainlander. Mainlanders have higher ratios for “No religious belief”, Protestantism and Roman Catholicism than do the Hakka or Min Nan people.
As regards religious attitude, the concepts of all ethnic groups in Taiwan tend towards an attitude of “believing somewhat.” The Min Nan people believe more in such aspects of religious attitude as “views on spirits, ghosts, life and death”, “ views on the soul and ancestors”, “views on judgment, karma and transgression”, “the concepts of qi, yin, yang and the five elements,” than do the Hakka or Mainlanders. Mainlanders tend to practice feng shui (geomancy) less, while the literature argues that the Hakka people attach greater value to feng shui, and that the Hakka are somewhat more superstitious. The Hakka people, though, show a higher ratio only for the religious practice of “looking at feng shui for houses”, as regards overall feng shui practice and feng shui for the office, they attach no greater value to or practice these any more frequently than the Min Nan or Mainlanders. There is no difference between the three ethnic groups as regards frequencies of fortune-telling practices.
|
|---|
