The Research on Life Cycle Risk Assessment

• Main Authors: Hsiu-Ching Shih, 施秀靜
• Other Authors: 馬鴻文
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2011
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19854452160912284711

博士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 環境工程學研究所 === 99 === The temporal and spatial considerations have yet to be integrated into risk-based LCA, whereas life-cycle thinking has yet to be captured in RA. In order to maintain the link between source and receptor through RA, and consider a life cycle, the method in this study focuses on integrating life cycle thinking into RA to develop the life cycle risk assessment methodology (LCRA) in this study. Because LCRA assessed risks from a life cycle perspective of the concerned linkage sources, it was helpful to identify important sources, contaminants, receptors and exposure pathways along the life cycle of activities. Analyses of different scenarios are assessed as the alternative of bottom ash reuse in road paving or landfill, and the harm of bottom ash reuse is assessed by LCRA to avoid the risk shift. When the population risks over the entire life cycle considered in this study are used as a decision criterion, the ranking was D, A, B and C; on the other hand, the ranking of average individual risk became D, C, A and B. The source-receptors in these four scenarios were also discussed: with higher exposure, the individual risks of laborers (1.0E-07~1.0E-02) were higher than residents through exposure to Cr and Cd via inhalation and dermal contact. as for the residents, the highest individual risk occurred in road paving (1.09E-08) due to leakage of Cr to groundwater, and the ingestion of drinking water and food chain contaminated by groundwater use were the main exposure pathways. The results also showed risk shift between different stages; among four scenarios, the individual risk of residents living near the road was 100 times greater than the residents near the landfill which keeps bottom ash for 20 years. However, the individual risk of residents living near landfill is 1000 times greater than the residents near the road when a high frequency of road maintenance (2 years) was used. This indicated that different reuse scenarios would result in risk shift between life stages and receptors, and using duration of pavement would be a factor for risk management. By calculating and population risks associated various receptors resulting from a source at each life stage and aggregating population risks along the life cycle, we obtain total risks. The total population risks as well as information of individual risk at each stage and average individual risk for various alternatives can be used to rank the alternatives and identify important factors for environmental management.