The synchronous flashing behavior in Luciola filiformis Olivier and Luciola cerata Olivier(Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

• Main Authors: Chun-hao Chiu, 邱俊豪
• Other Authors: none
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2010
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57312888615949825237

碩士 === 國立臺南大學 === 環境生態研究所碩士班 === 99 === The research on the synchronous flashing behaviors of Luciola filiformis and Luciola cerata in the field was conducted in May 2009 and May 2010, at Meiling, Tainan County. Through digital recording and frame-by-frame analysis, we described the synchronous flashing behaviors of males of the two species. The number of flashing males of L. filiformis peaked at 30 minutes after sunset, and at 70 minutes after sunset in L. cerata. For both species, the synchronous flashing behaviors could appear on male groups. The synchronous flashing period of 3-individual groups (310.42 ± 29.11 msec) and 4-to-10-individual groups (297.92 ± 25.73 msec) of L. filiformis were significantly shorter than 2-individual groups (402.78 ± 156.02 msec) , and the synchronous flashing period of 6-to-10-individual groups (768.75 ± 56.12 msec) of L. cerata were also significantly shorter than 2-to-5-individual groups (802.08 ± 67.17 msec). The synchronous flashing periods of both species became shorter when the number of participant individual increased. Among the individuals which had participated in synchronous flashing, the interflash interval of 3-individual groups (303.17 ± 25.90 msec) and 4-to-10-individual groups (304.04 ± 30.61 msec) of L. filiformis were significantly shorter than those of 2-individual groups (404.63 ± 141.38 msec) , and the interflash interval of the individuals in synchronous flashing groups were significantly shorter than those of the lone individuals (460.69 ± 178.24 msec). The interflash interval of 6-to-10-individual groups (762.7 ± 68.85 msec) of L. cerata were significantly shorter than those of 2-to-5-individual groups (800.86 ± 57.10 msec) , and the interflash interval of the individuals in synchronous flashing groups were significantly shorter than those of the lone individuals (976.90 ± 91.98 msec). Among the individuals which had participated in synchronous flashing, the flash duration of 4-to-10-individual groups (90.12 ± 23.40 msec) of L. filiformis was significantly shorter than those of the lone individuals (113.33 ± 21.66 msec), 2-individual groups (116.67 ± 25.98 msec) and 3-individual groups (107.41 ± 21.18 msec) ; the flash duration of 2-to-5-individual groups (158.12 ± 43.46 msec) and 6-to-10-individual groups (158.33 ± 50.22 msec) of L. cerata were significantly shorter than those of lone individuals (219.80 ± 52.95 msec). The individuals participated in synchronous flashing shorten their own flashing intervals and flash duration due to the increase of participated individuals. In the L. filiformis groups , the flashing times of each individual positively correlated with the ratio of individuals participated in synchronous flashing, and the synchronous flashing times of each individual also positively correlated with the times it leads the flashing. The average flashing times of non-leader male individuals (85.57 ± 23.96 msec) were significantly shorter than that of leader male individuals (99.35 ± 19.33 msec). In synchronous flashing groups of L. filiformis, each individual might break off flashing for several times and then resumed the synchronous flashing, which was the individual intermittent synchrony. 61.3% of the break-offs were made of individuals that only broke off one time. The more times an individual leads the synchronous flashing, the less times and shorter it broke off. The LED light source could simulate flashing of the L. cerata male. Among various flashing intervals, the interval of 0.95 sec received the most significant synchronous flashing reflection and the longest period of synchronous flashing from the males of L. cerata. Besides, the 0.90 sec interval could stimulate the synchronous flashing by individuals at the longest range (2.78 ± 1.48 m). Using the 4.0 volt strong light and 0.8 volt low light respectively to stimulate the L. filiformis males, we found that there were no significant difference between ratios of the synchronous flashing reflection of two groups. However, the period of the synchronous flashing stimulated by strong light (17.75 ± 9.90 sec) was significantly longer than that by low light (9.16 ± 5.22 sec); also, the maximum range strong light could stimulate L. filiformis males synchronous flash was 2.41 ± 1.21 m, which was longer than that low light could make (1.51 ± 0.82 m).