Taxonomy on the Winged Disseminules of Plants in Taiwan

• Main Authors: Yi-Jeng Chen, 陳以臻
• Other Authors: Sheng-Zehn Yang
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2011
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56207916129967922952

碩士 === 國立屏東科技大學 === 森林系所 === 99 === The classification of the winged-like appendage plants was still lacked for detailed integration in Taiwan, the aim of this paper is to calculate the numbers of winged disseminules, to describe and photograph the morphological characteristics and textures of wings and to make keys of winged fruits and winged seeds for classification in Taiwan. The results showed that there were 39 families, 73 genera and 159 species of winged fruits, including 42 endemic species. According to accrescent bract, accrescent calyx, accrescent perianth and pericarp, the winged fruits could be divided into 10 groups, including samara, samarium, samaretum, pseudosamara, diclesium, follicarium, winged legume, winged capsule, winged achene and pseudowinged capsule. Besides, it also showed that there were 31 families, 71 genera and 111 species of winged seeds, including 8 endemic species. Monopterous wing and pteripterous wing were the 2 major groups among the winged seeds. There are 65 families, 142 genera and 260 species of the winged disseminules, accounting for about 6 % of vascular plants in Taiwan. Among them, Brassicaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae and Sterculiaceae contain both the winged fruits and seeds. According to the shape and the winged number, 256 species of winged-like appendage that recorded as photographs can be divided into 73 kinds of gyroscopic wing and 183 kinds of two dimensions wings. In gyroscopic wing, the three wings of winged fruit are mostly and only Aloe vera var. chinensis and Moringa oleifera in winged seeds belong to gyroscopic wing. Among two dimensions wings, most winged fruits and winged seeds were pteripterous. Asteraceae in winged fruits, Asclepiadaceae in winged seeds, and Anodendron benthamianum in Apocynaceae have pteripterous with apex pappus or comose. This study also suggested that Araucaria cunninghamii might be called pseudo-winged seed.