| Summary: | 博士 === 國立高雄師範大學 === 地理學系 === 99 === The Purposes of this study, first of all, emphasized the ecological relationship between urban center and rural areas , and explained the meanings of urban and rural development. Secondly, it processed cross-scale analysis under different time and spatial scales. Thirdly, it used secondary data to explore development issues and modes of spatial and temporal transformation of Kaohsiung-Pingtung in the Age of globalization. From ecological economics perspective and Odum’s energy analysis, the study is to explore the four periods：1940 the Japanese era , 1975 take-off period, 1995 economic stability, and 2008 (planning towards ecological transition present) and to explore the evolution of land-use change in Kaohsiung-Pingtung area, as well as ecological-economic systems.
In the process of analysis, the study successively used the Kaoping River counties by the large scale to process empirical study on the microscopic scale of counties, towns, and villages. It evaluated spatial and temporal transformation of Kaohsiung-Pingtung as a region. In the discussions at the large scale, it analysed ecological and economic characteristics, spatial analysis of urban and rural energy flow and energy sectors profile. In three micro-scale, it used multi-scale application of SPSS software and geographic information system to explore the meaning.
However, we explored that de-centralizing industries from city center is constantly in the invasion and succession process toward nearby villages and towns in Kaohsiung county. Ecological economy system of urban and rural development is like an ecosystem. From the Japanese era, Pingtung area began as a young progressive development of stage in the ecosystem, and a growing stage in the 1970s and 1990s. Through trade in recent years, Pingtung area has become a business center from a primary material supplier, and highly depended on the input values, and reduced its self-sustainability gradually . Trade market mechanisms in the globalization is like Water can carry a boat can capsize, "as the distance from the Center City, while city outside the local subsistence resource use of larger, such as high-intensity agricultural use while restoring agricultural land to the natural environment, such as rivers, or fallow agricultural land, and give up cultivation provide opportunities for eco-system in ecological restoring force.
According to the result, the study verified Odum’s hypothesis. The showed various the density of land-use energy flowed decreasingly outward by the consumer Center and formed urban space. Kaohsiung city remains the highest information production, consumption, and its surrounding rural areas, population distribution and energy use (electricity), living standards and quality of living without much difference, profile and space flow demonstration at the energy level, also get the same validation. But under globalization, urban is as far away from the city centre, potential population, to moderate energy density. In accordance with the ecological landscape and energy flow of space distribution, there is more scattered population distribution between urban and rural. More, there is no longer obvious line between city and rural. Scale is seen as a process, rather than a fixed entity. Geographers have been realized that the result is obtained in a scale is not enough, mobility of regional-scale corresponds to the phenomenon of ambiguity.
Pingtung area over urban and rural development estimates and finishing types found in Pingtung area in large-scale study, 2008 is the move towards sustainable development, Kaohsiung City unlike Mercer company evaluation as the first eco-city in Taiwan. It is still the highly energy center and its ecological pressure relieved from Pingtung county. Due to urban expansion, that also has the impact on suburban land use and environmental quality. Similarly, 11 administrative areas in Kaohsiung, in fact, only around the railway station of Yancheng, Cianjin, Lingya and SanMin have the functions to become the city center. The analysis found that, too large area may effect the results of large scale district. While the inconsistence of the range of urban plan and urban district, it makes the judgment of city and rural development ambiguous. There is a myth that the larger scale, the more details was omitted.
All in all, the study suggests that according to the concept of ecological economics of governance, “urban-rural development” should be from a region’s (in particular valley) urban-rural governance, which emphasized its ecological footprint, and focused on the ecological environment and urban living in the hinterland of "City-Region" towards integrating city and rural into ecological economic systems thinking. It is a concept of rescaling “region” by Bio-region and City-region.
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