| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立宜蘭大學 === 生物機電工程學系碩士班 === 99 === Abstract
The harvesting time of the passion fruits is from June to December. The major harvesting time of the year is July. During the harvest season, the ripe fruit will automatically drop to the ground from the shelf after noon every day. The human workers have to bend over to pick up the passion fruits from the ground and collecting in the buckets. This kind of harvesting is very time consuming and cost consuming, and will cause farmers waist injury. Moreover, the shortage of agricultural leads to increased labor cost year by year.
The main purpose of this study is to develop a new hydraulic picking machine for passion fruits. This machine is designed base on the study of the previously developed picking machine in our laboratory, the passion fruit cultivation environment and the needs of farmers. This machine is aimed to replace the large needs of labor during harvesting, and avoid the probability of waist damage to farmers, improve the working conditions, increase harvest efficiency and finally enhance the industrial competitiveness of the passion fruit farmers.
The new designed machine is composed of a picking unit, a mobile unit and a hydraulic control unit. Brush boards of the picking-up unit sweep those randomly scattered passion fruits in the fields and transport them to the collection box; The mobile unit let the machine move and keep the front part of the machine to follow the height of the ground; The hydraulic control unit enhance the flexibility and maneuverability of the machine in the field.
This hydraulic picking machine has already completed field experiments. At the speed of 0.36 m/s, the successful pick-up rate of this machine can reach to 94%, and the damage rate of fruits can be less than 4.05%. It showed that the harvesting time required by this machine is only 33.15% of the time required by human. The result of the experiment for the surface damage rate showed that the proportion of the fruits without and injuries is about 75.52%, the fruits with little scratches but no juice is 20.63% and the fruits with serious damage are only 4.05%.
The experiment result of the corruption rate showed that the average storage time for fruits harvesting by the machine is shorter by only one day than that by hands. This difference is acceptable for farmers. The IRD experiment found that the biggest impact G value of the fruits during harvesting by machine is only 31.64% of that measured by dropping fruits from the top of the shelf to the ground. Therefore, the impact of the fruits can be ignored during harvesting by this machine.
Key Words: Passion Fruit, Harvester, Picking Machine, Impact Recording Device ( IRD )
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