| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立嘉義大學 === 園藝學系研究所 === 99 === The experiments were studied on the effects of nutritional and environmental conditions on the growth of mycelia, the formation of primordial and fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus. Integrated carbon and nitrogen source test, using glucose as carbon source, tryptone as nitrogen source, at 12 days after inoculation, the number of fruiting could reach the peak（16.3 fruiting bodies /flask）；for more complete treatment of medium additives（minerals, trace elements, vitamins, salicylic acid）, mycelia could grow faster （average growth rate of mycelia were over 0.19 cm/daily）, and the primordia had higher proportion to form fruiting bodies. At initial pH6 or pH7 of medium, mycelia grew quicker（0.23 cm/day、0.24 cm/day）than other treatments , but the pH5 of medium could induce more fruiting bodies（5.0 fruiting bodies /flask） than other treatments. Twenty α-amino acids were added respectively to the liquid medium as the simple nitrogen source for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus, in order to determine the effects of different amino acids in liquid medium on mycelial growth and fruiting characteristics of Pleurotus ostreatus. Results had showed that aliphatic α-amino acids served as nitrogen sources had to the normal growth of mycelia. At 23 days after inoculating, the growth rate of mycelia were from 3.3 to 8.0 cm. All the aliphatic α-amino acids treatment had primordial induction. Glycine, alanine and valine treatments had 100％ fruiting bodies formation in late stage. Treatments with basic α-amino acids as the nitrogen source had no fruiting body formation, but the arginine and histidine treatments had good mycelia growth, the mycelia growth achieved 8.0 and 7.0 cm respectively at the 21 days after inoculating. Treatments with hydroxyα-amino acids （serine and threonine）as nitrogen source had normal growth of mycelia and fruiting body formation. Treatments with amide α-amino acids（asparagine and glutamine）not only had regular growth of the mycelium, but also had good response of primordia and fruiting body formation（100％ and 93.8％, respectively）and better than other treatments. Other α-amino acids such as aromatic, acidic and sulfer amino acids could not be ultilized as a simple nitrogen source in the liquid medium of Pleurotus ostreatus. The results had showed that the growth of mycelium in C/N ratio 15:1 treatment was 0.31 cm/day and better than other treatments. The next was the treatment with C/N ratio 15:1. The other treatments（C/N ratio 25:1, 35:1 and 45:1）had significant difference compared to two treatments above. The formation of primordia in the different treatments had significant difference at the 14th day after inoculating. The number of primordia per flask in the treatment with C/N ratio 15:1 was the lowest（8.8 primordia /flask）. But treatments with C/N ratio 5:1, 25:1 and 35:1 had no significant difference among them. The treatment with C/N ratio 45:1 was the best with 31.1 primordia per flask. The formation of fruit body among treatments had no significant difference. The formations of fruiting bodies in treatments with C/N ratio 25:1 and 35:1 were the best and treatment with C/N ratio 5:1 was the worst. The growth temperature with 5－25℃ range, the higher the temperature was, the faster mycelium growth were and more primordia and fruiting bodies were induced. The initial and diurnal temperature of 20℃（20/15℃、20/10℃、20/5℃）induced more primordia（over 16.1 primordia /flask）than the initial and diurnal temperature of 25℃（25/20℃、25/15℃、25/10℃、25/5℃）. For light intensities with the range 0－1500 lux, the lower light intensity was, the faster growth of mycelium, but the number of primordial and fruiting bodies decreased. At 15th days after inoculation, mycelium of the dark treatment in medium could reach 8.0 cm, the next was green light treatment. Mycelial growth of the white, red and blue light treatments had no significant differences and were slow. Dark and red light treatments had no primordia and fruiting bodies formation. 100 mg/L ascorbic acid, 0.5％ polyvinylpyrolidone, 0.1 mmol/L salicylic acid or 0.25 mmol/L methyl jasmonate treatments could increase growth rate of mycelium, but decrease formation of primordia and fruiting bodies. The result s had showed that the growth of mycelium in 1.5 mg/L BA treatment was 7.8cm and better than other treatments at 21th day after inoculation, the next were 1 mg/L and 6 mg/L 2,4-D treatments with 7.7 cm and 7.5cm respectively, and 6 mg/L NAA treatment was the worst（5.5 cm）. All the treatments had significant differences. 1 mg/L 2,4-D and NAA treatment had more primordia （235.5 and 191.0 primordia /flask）and fruiting bodies（5.1 and 4.1 fruiting bodies /flask）than other treatments.
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