| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立勤益科技大學 === 工業工程與管理系 === 99 === Airports promote a country’s economic development due to its expedient advantage that rapidly transports passengers and cargo. The air freight market of Asia-Pacific region has persistently grown in part due to China’s continuous economic rise. To meet the growing demands of this market, Asian-Pacific governments have launched numerous projects in attempts to increase competitiveness of their international airports.
This study uses stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to measure the efficiency of 12 international airports in Asia-Pacific area over 1998-2006. The airports selected include Taiwan (TPE), Shanghai (PVG), Guangdong (SZX), Malaysia (KUL), Hong Kong (HKG), Singapore (SIN), South Korea (ICN), Thailand (DMK), Philippines (MNL), Vietnam (HAN), Guangzhou (CAN), and Beijing (PEK). The input variables include “the number of employees,” “length of runway,” and “operating costs;” the output variable is “operating revenue.” In addition, this study uses Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to investigate the efficiency change over the period. The efficiency change is decomposed into efficiency change (EC), technological change (TC), and scale change. Finally, this study computes marginal product of each input variable and scale elasticity to understand how input levels affect the efficiency.
Using the SFA model requires testing the distribution of the inefficiency, whether the inefficiency effects exist, and whether the inefficiency effects are time-invariant. After testing three hypotheses, the SFA model uses a Translog production, is constructed with a half-normally distributed inefficiency term, with inefficiency effects existing over time, and with time-varying inefficient effects. According to the SFA results, Singapore performs the best, while Malaysia is the worst.
In terms of MPI, 10 out of 12 airports have the MPI value greater than one, indicating the productivity growth. Philippines and Vietnam are the two with values less than one, suggesting that their productivities were in decline. From the analysis of marginal products, some airports such as Vietnam turn out to have negative value of the number of employees, and Singapore has negative value of the length of runway. In terms of scale elasticity, six out of 12 have increasing returns to scale, while the other six have decreasing returns to scale.
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